Palladium ore refers to naturally occurring rock that contains palladium (Pd), a lustrous silver-white metal that belongs to the platinum group metals (PGMs). Like rhodium, palladium is rarely found in concentrated form and is typically extracted as a by-product from nickel, copper, and platinum mining operations.
Host Minerals: Palladium is often found within sulfide minerals such as pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite
Major Deposits: Found primarily in Russia (Norilsk-Talnakh), South Africa (Bushveld Complex), Canada (Sudbury Basin), and the USA (Montana - Stillwater Complex)
Uses of Palladium:
Automotive Catalysts.
Palladium is a key component in catalytic converters, helping to convert harmful pollutants (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides) into less harmful emissions in petrol-powered vehicles.
Electronics.
Used in multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), connector plating, and semiconductors due to its excellent conductivity and resistance to corrosion.
Jewelry.
Palladium is used as a white metal alternative to platinum or white gold, especially in high-end jewelry and watchmaking. It is lightweight, hypoallergenic, and does not tarnish.
Dentistry.
Applied in dental alloys for crowns and bridges, valued for its strength, biocompatibility, and non-reactivity.
Hydrogen Storage and Purification.
Palladium can absorb large amounts of hydrogen, making it valuable in hydrogen fuel cells and filtration technologies.
Investment.
Like other PGMs, palladium is traded in the form of bullion, coins, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs) as a precious metal investment.
Rhodium ore refers to naturally occurring rock that contains trace amounts of rhodium (Rh), a rare and valuable precious metal belonging to the platinum group metals (PGMs). Rhodium is typically not found in concentrated ore deposits on its own. Instead, it occurs as a by-product in the mining and refining of other PGMs, particularly platinum and palladium, and sometimes in nickel and copper ores.
Typical Host Minerals: Sulfide minerals such as pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite
Geological Sources: Rhodium is primarily extracted from sulfide ore bodies found in regions like South Africaâ??s Bushveld Complex, Russia's Norilsk region, and parts of Canada.
Uses of Rhodium:
Catalytic Converters
Rhodium is most widely used in automotive catalytic converters to reduce harmful nitrogen oxide emissions from vehicle exhaust systems.
Jewelry and Finishing
Due to its brilliant reflective properties and resistance to tarnish, rhodium is used to plate white gold and silver jewelry, giving a bright, durable finish.
Electronics
Rhodium is used in electrical contacts and connectors where high corrosion resistance and conductivity are essential.
Chemical Industry
Employed as a catalyst in hydrogenation and oxidation reactions, especially in the production of acetic acid and nitric acid.
Investment and Bullion
Given its rarity and high value, rhodium is also traded as an investment commodity, similar to gold and platinum.
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