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Fresh Garlic: Seasoning the World Through Cross-Border Trade

Garlic is a bulb-shaped vegetable and a part of the onion family (including leeks, chives, and scallions). When we refer to fresh garlic, it means garlic that has not yet been dried and was harvested recently. This versatile veggie is known for its pungent aroma and flavor. Its name comes from the English word 'garleac' which means 'spear-shaped leek'. It is used worldwide in almost every cuisine as a condiment to flavor food. Each garlic bulb has 10 to 20 individual cloves and is enclosed in a white, papery skin with yellowish flesh within. Garlic is one of the oldest known horticultural crops, with references dating back over 5,000 years. The Greek physician Hippocrates used garlic to treat a number of illnesses such as respiratory problems, parasites, fatigue, and poor digestion. In ancient Greece, Olympic athletes were given garlic to improve their performance. There are several health benefits related to garlic due to the presence of sulfur compounds. Whether used in culinary preparations, the food preservation sector, or traditional medicine, fresh garlic continues to remain in international demand. To meet the growing needs of fresh garlic buyers, exporters must focus on quality, consistency, and timely delivery. The major players in the fresh garlic cross-border trade are India, China, and Spain. Key regions with high demand include the United States, the European Union (particularly Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and France), Indonesia, and countries in the Middle East.

Types of Garlic in Demand Across the Globe

Global garlic consumption continues to rise due to several factors. These include increasing awareness of its health benefits, growing use in the processed food industry, a shift toward plant-based diets in vegan and ethnic cuisine markets, and health-conscious trends creating demand for organic vegetables like fresh garlic. However, here are the widely traded garlic varieties that you should know.

So, these are the most in-demand garlic types. When dealing in these varieties, you should stay updated with some key insights. For example, Oftneck garlic (Chinese hybrid types) dominates bulk international trade due to shelf stability. Hardneck and specialty garlic (like black garlic and purple stripe) usually have higher prices in premium markets. Also, organic and value-added garlic (e.g., peeled, paste, powder) are in high demand in Western as well as health-conscious regions. Understanding regional culinary preferences will help you target the right garlic type for every market. 

In addition, exporters in the garlic trade often deal in other related or interlinked vegetable and seasoning categories. Expanding your product portfolio to include other fresh vegetables or agricultural products can increase profitability and broaden your market reach. These categories include:

• Garlic varieties (such as dehydrated garlic and garlic powder)
• Grouped vegetables for bulk orders (like ginger, garlic, onion, potato)
• Processed vegetable varieties (including IQF or frozen vegetables, dehydrated vegetables, dried vegetables, and organic vegetables)
• Fresh Vegetables (such as fresh ginger, fresh onions, and fresh potato)

What Fresh Garlic Importers Expect From Exporters or Suppliers 

Fresh garlic importers and buyers have some fundamental expectations that every exporter should meet. Aligning with these expectations can help you build long-term partnerships and stay competitive in the global market. 

Garlic Market Insights: A Global Overview

Global Garlic Market Size:

Source: FACT MR

Key Export Import Data (2023):

Source: Tridge 

Important Insights for Exporters:

• Notable exporting countries of fresh garlic (2025) are Argentina, China, the Netherlands, the United States, and Ukraine.
• Notable importing countries of fresh garlic (2025) are Brazil, the United States, Bangladesh, Spain, and Pakistan. 
• India's garlic exports reached an all-time high of 57, 346 tons in the year 2023 due to China's (one of the major fresh garlic producers and exporters) shortfall in production of the vegetable in the same fiscal year. (Source: LIME EXIM)

How to Find Verified Fresh Garlic Buyers Near Me or Globally?

The truth is that finding verified wholesale fresh garlic buyers is not an easy task. But here are the best ways to identify and connect with genuine buyers in both domestic and international markets.

• B2B marketplaces like go4WorldBusiness allow exporters to find and connect with verified fresh garlic buyers across the world. These platforms often verify buyers through company registration, trade history, and third-party checks to help exporters trade with confidence.
• You can participate in agriculture and food expos such as Fruit Logistica, SIAL, Gulfood, and BIOFACH India. The best part is that you get to meet potential fresh garlic importers, distributors, and retail buyers in person. These events are industry-specific, and most attendees are pre-screened with trade associations, which makes them more reliable.
• You can also register with Government Export Promotion agencies like APEDA (India), USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (USA), Trade Map (ITC/UN), and Chambers of Commerce and Export Councils. These bodies maintain databases of certified international buyers.
• One of the easiest ways is to leverage LinkedIn, as it can be a powerful tool when used correctly. All you need to do is search for roles like 'Import Manager', 'Fresh Producer Buyer', or 'Food Procurement Specialist'. Reach out to them and showcase your credibility (certifications, product photos, and testimonials).

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

1. How much is 1 kg of garlic?

The price of 1 kg of garlic varies based on the variety, quality, season, and location. However, the global average price (FOB) ranges from $0.80 to $2.50/kg. 

2. Where is the best place to sell fresh garlic?

The best place to sell fresh garlic depends on your market focus. You can look for local wholesalers, distributors, and online platforms (such as go4WorldBusiness).  

3. Who is the largest consumer of fresh garlic?

China is the largest consumer of fresh garlic globally due to its huge population and heavy use in daily cooking. Besides, India is also a major consumer.

4. Who is the biggest importer of garlic?

Indonesia is the biggest importer of garlic. 

5. Which is the biggest garlic market in India?

The biggest garlic market in India is in Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh. In fact, it is known as the price setter for garlic in the country. Also, Lasalgaon (Maharashtra), Nashik, Indore, Kota, and Ahmedabad are important regional markets for garlic. 

6. What are the challenges in fresh garlic export?

Here are the major challenges in fresh garlic export:

Perishability and short shelf life 

Strict quality and pesticide residue standards in some importing countries

Price fluctuations due to seasonal production and global supply shifts

Competition from China, the dominant garlic exporter globally

7. What are the opportunities in garlic export?

Here are the key opportunities in garlic export:

Rising global demand for organic and fresh garlic

Growth of processed garlic forms like powder, flakes, and paste

Untapped or emerging markets in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia

8. Does India import or export garlic?

India primarily exports garlic to countries like Bangladesh, UAE, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. However, India imports occasionally, especially during local shortages (mainly from China). 

9. Which country is the largest producer of garlic?

China is the largest producer of garlic worldwide, accounting for over 70% of global production with an annual output of around 20.6 million tonnes. India is the second-largest producer of garlic, followed by Bangladesh and Egypt. 

10. What is the fresh garlic HSN code?

07032000 is the fresh garlic HSN code.

Latest News Related to Fresh Garlic Global Trade:

In March 2025, fresh garlic prices in Egypt fell a sharp 30% month-over-month (from USD 790 to USD 495 per ton) due to surging production and weakening demand. (Full Story: Tridge)