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Drained Lead Acid Battery Scrap Lead acid batteries are made up of plates Lead and Lead oxide with a 35 sulfuric acid and 65 water electrolyte solution Lead acid batteries represent almost 60 of all batteries sold worldwide

Classification

Generally there are two types of Leadacid storage batteries based on their method of construction Flooded or Sealed Flooded or wet Lead acid batteries are those where the electrodes plates are immersed in electrolyte Sealed Lead acid or valveregulated Lead acid VRLA battery where the electrolyte is immobilized All Leadacid batteries produce hydrogen and oxygen gas gassing at the electrodes during charging through a process called electrolysis These gases are allowed to escape a flooded cell however the sealed cell is constructed so that the gases are contained and recombined

Lead Acid Battery waste Recycling

The grid structure in both batteries is made from a Lead alloy A pure Lead grid structure is not strong enough therefore other metals like antimony calcium tin and selenium in small quantities are alloyed for added strength and improved electrical properties

The electrolyte in a Leadacid battery is a dilute solution of sulfuric acid H2SO4 The negative electrode of a fully charged battery is composed of sponge Lead Pb and the positive electrode is composed of Lead dioxide PbO The separator is used to electrically isolate the positive and negative electrodes

Waste Batteries

The typical Leadacid battery comprises of metal grids electrode paste Sulphuric acid connectors and poles of Lead alloy and grid separators made up of PVC The battery components are contained in corrosion and heatresistant housing usually composed of plastic polycarbonate polypropylene or polystyrene

Component wt
Lead alloy components grid poles 25 30
Electrode paste fine particles of Lead oxide and Lead sulphate 35 45
Sulphuric acid 10 20 H2SO4 10 15
Polypropylene 5 8
Other plastics PVC PE etc 4 7
Ebonite 1 3
Others materials glass 05

Zinc (Zn) unrefined Ore
Copper Cathodes
Sisal Fibre
Donkey Hides
Cobalt hydroxide (Co)

Zircon sand (zircon) is highly resistant to high temperatures, with a melting point of 2750 degrees Celsius. It is imperishable to acid corrosion. 80% of global production is directly used in the manufacturing of casting, ceramics, glass, and refractory materials. A small amount is used in ferroalloys, pharmaceuticals, coatings, leather, abrasives, chemical and nuclear industries. A very small amount is used for smelting zirconium metal.


Zircon sand containing ZrO265 66% is directly used as the casting material of iron metal in the foundries due to its melting resistance (melting point above 2500�ºC). Zircon sand has lower thermal expansion, higher thermal conductivity, and stronger chemical stability than other common refractory materials, so high-quality zircon and other adhesives together have good adhesion and are used in the casting industry. Zircon sand is also used as bricks for glass kilns. Zircon sand and zircon powder have other uses when mixed with other refractory materials.

Zircon sand (zircon stone) is used in the production of refractory materials (called zircon refractories, such as zirconium corundum bricks, zirconium refractory fibers), casting sand (precision casting sand), precision enamel appliances, and glass, metal (sponge zirconium) and zirconium compounds (zirconium dioxide, zirconium chloride, sodium zirconate, potassium fluozirate, zirconium sulfate, etc.). It can make glass kiln zirconia bricks, zirconia bricks for steel drums, ramming materials and castables; Adding to other materials can improve its properties, such as adding zirconium sand to synthetic cordierite, can broaden the sintering range of cordierite, but does not affect its thermal shock stability; Zirconium sand is added to high alumina brick to make high alumina brick resistant to spalling, and the thermal shock stability is greatly improved. It can also be used to extract ZrO2. Zircon sand can be used as high-quality raw sand for casting, and zircon sand powder is the main component of casting paint.