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Folding Box Board (FBB), also known as ivory board, is a multi-layered paperboard used for packaging and printing. The exact specifications of FBB can vary by manufacturer and grade, but it is known for its high stiffness, brightness, and excellent printability.

Common FBB specifications
Composition
Layers: FBB is constructed in multiple layers, typically with a top and bottom layer of bleached chemical pulp and middle layers of mechanical or thermomechanical pulp. This layered structure provides a lightweight yet strong material.

Pulp: FBB is made from 100% virgin wood pulp.
Grade: Common grades include GC1 and GC2.
GC1 (Coated FBB White Back): Features a white pulp core made from pure virgin wood fibers for superior whiteness and a premium feel.
GC2 (Coated FBB Manila Back): Uses mechanical pulp in the core, giving it a slightly yellowish tint but higher stiffness.
Physical properties
Basis weight (GSM): Commonly available in a range of 150 to 400 gsm (grams per square meter).
Caliper (Thickness): Varies depending on the basis weight. For example, some products list 300 gsm FBB with a thickness of about 420 �µm.
Stiffness: A high stiffness-to-weight ratio is a key characteristic of FBB. This resistance to bending is crucial for packaging applications and is measured in both machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD).
Brightness and color: Known for its bright, white surface, FBB typically has a high whiteness score. The color of the reverse side can vary from white to cream or manila, depending on the grade.
Smoothness: The calendering process gives FBB a smooth, uniform surface that is ideal for high-quality printing.
Performance
Printability: The smooth, coated surface allows for excellent ink absorption and consistent results for vivid graphics and crisp text.
Convertibility: FBB is highly compatible with various finishing processes, including:
Offset printing
Digital printing
Embossing
Lamination
Die-cutting
Moisture resistance: Some FBB products can be customized with special coatings to provide moisture-barrier properties, making them suitable for food and beverage packaging.
Folding endurance: The board is designed to endure creasing and folding during the conversion process without cracking.
Typical applications
Packaging:
Luxury goods (cosmetics, perfumes, electronics, jewelry)
Pharmaceuticals
Food (cereals, frozen foods, confectionaries)
General consumer goods
Printing:
Book and brochure covers
Business cards and invitations
Promotional displays

Wax-coated papers and boards are treated with a layer of wax to create a barrier against moisture, grease, and other contaminants. Their specific properties vary depending on the base material, the type of wax used, and the coating method.

Key specifications
Base material
The properties of the final product are influenced by the base paper or board used, with common options including:
Kraft paper: Known for its high strength and durability, it is often used for industrial packaging and heavy-duty applications where puncture resistance is important.
Tissue paper: A thinner and lighter option used for applications like food wrapping for baked goods and confectionery.
Paperboard: A thicker, more rigid material used for packaging and containers that require structural integrity.
Wax type
The type of wax determines the product's performance characteristics, such as its melting point and flexibility.
Paraffin wax: A cost-effective, petroleum-derived wax that offers good moisture and grease resistance. It's suitable for general food packaging but melts at higher temperatures.
Microcrystalline wax: A broader, more flexible wax that offers enhanced adhesion, heat resistance, and pliability compared to paraffin wax. It is often blended with other waxes to improve performance.
Natural waxes: Environmentally-friendly, plant-based waxes that are compostable and biodegradable. Options include:
Beeswax: A natural wax that provides good stiffness and moisture resistance, often used for premium food wraps and packaging.
Soy wax: A renewable, non-toxic, and biodegradable option suitable for sustainable food packaging.
Carnauba wax: A high-gloss, durable, and water-resistant wax derived from carnauba palm leaves. It is ideal for high-end food wrapping.
Coating method
The application method affects the finished product's properties, particularly its barrier performance.
Surface-coated (dry waxed): A thin layer of wax is applied to one or both surfaces. This makes the paper water-repellent but not fully waterproof.
Impregnated (wet waxed): The paper fibers are saturated with wax, resulting in a more robust and waterproof product.
Performance characteristics
Moisture resistance: Wax coatings significantly decrease the paper's ability to absorb water. Standard tests show that wax-coated papers can absorb as little as 1.35 g/m of water compared to 23 g/m for regular kraft paper. Impregnated papers offer superior moisture protection compared to surface-coated types.

Grease resistance: The wax layer prevents oil from soaking through the paper, making it ideal for packaging greasy foods like burgers and baked goods.
Non-stick properties: Waxed paper offers a non-stick surface, which is useful for food preparation and preventing items like candy or baked goods from sticking to their packaging.

Core Board Kraft is a type of high-strength, durable paperboard made from recycled or virgin fibers using the kraft pulping process. It is engineered to provide the structural integrity required for applications like paper tubes, cones, and packaging for heavy-duty goods. Key specifications generally relate to its strength, material, and dimensions.

Material

Composition: Often made from 100% recycled fibers, sometimes mixed with sugarcane bagasse, though some versions use virgin wood pulp.

Eco-Friendly: Because it's made from recycled content and is biodegradable, Core Board Kraft is considered a sustainable packaging material.
Strength characteristics

High tensile strength: This refers to the board's ability to resist breaking under tension.

Ply bond: This is a critical measure for core board, indicating the strength of the bond between its layers (plies). Strong ply bond is essential for tube and core performance, with typical ranges from 150 to 800.

Bursting factor (BF): Higher BF values indicate greater resistance to rupture under pressure, making the board suitable for heavy-duty applications. A common range is 12 to 25 BF.

Ring crush index (CD): A measure of the board's crush resistance in the cross-direction. Values can range from 6.0 to 11 n.m/g.

High stiffness and stability: The board is designed to hold its shape under load and prevent deformation.

Physical specifications
Grammage (GSM): This is the weight of the paper per square meter. Core Board Kraft is available in a wide range of weights to suit different applications, with common GSM ranges of 180â??700.

Color: The most common color is natural brown due to the kraft process. Other variations like golden yellow, reddish brown, or customized colors are also available.

Finish: The surface can be machine-finished (MF) or machine-glazed (MG), offering smooth or rough options depending on the manufacturer.

Size and shape: It is sold in rolls (reels), sheets, and slitted coils, with customizable sizes available from manufacturers.

Moisture content: Typical moisture levels are maintained between 6% and 8%.
Common applications

Due to its robust specifications, Core Board Kraft is used for products that require high strength and stability. These include:

Paper tubes and cores: Used for winding paper, film, foil, and textiles.

Paper cones: Used in the textile and yarn industries.

Edge protectors: For stabilizing palletized goods.

Laminating board: The base layer for other laminated packaging.

Heavy-duty packaging: For goods that require extra support during transport and storage

Oil and grease-proof paper specifications include its base material, coating type (e.g., polymer, wax, or resin), and basis weight (measured in gsm or grams per square meter). Key specifications are the paper's grease and oil resistance, often verified by an Oil Kit Test value, and its thickness. Additional properties such as tear and burst strength, moisture content, and temperature resistance are also important, and some papers offer eco-friendly options like compostability.� Material and coating� Base Material: Typically made from bleached kraft pulp or a mix of virgin and recycled pulp for strength and durability.Coating: A special polymer, wax, or resin is applied to one side to create a barrier against oil and grease. The other side may be uncoated for printing.� Performance and physical properties� Basis Weight: Commonly ranges from 30 to 91 gsm, with specific applications requiring different weights. For example, 40 gsm is common for lightweight food wrapping, while 91 gsm is a heavier option for more durable use.Thickness: Varies based on the gsm, with a typical range of 55 to 100 micrometers.Grease Resistance: Measured by tests like the Oil Kit Test, with values typically between 4 and 6. Standards may require a minimum resistance, such as a 1200-second rating in a specific test.Moisture Content: Usually between 4% and 8.5% by weight.Tensile and Tear Strength: Specified values for both machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD), with tests like KS ISO 1924-2 and KS ISO 3781 to measure strength.Burst Strength: Varies by grade, with common grades ranging from approximately 110 to 475 kPa.� Application and environmental factors� Heat Sealing: Papers can be heat-sealed, with temperatures ranging from around \(120\degree C\) to \(180\degree C\) depending on the specific coating and material.Temperature Resistance: Can withstand moderate temperatures, often up to around \(80\degree C\) (\(176\degree F\)), but this can vary.Eco-friendly Options: Some papers are certified as biodegradable or compostable, depending on the coating used.Certifications: Can be certified as food-grade and may have certifications like FSC Certified or T�?V AUSTRIA certification for compostability

Coated oil and grease proof paper is paper coated with a grease-resistant material, such as polyethylene (PE), wax, or water-based polymer. This coating creates a barrier that prevents oils, fats, and moisture from penetrating the paper. The specific properties vary depending on the type of coating, base paper, and intended application.
Material composition and coatings

Base paper: The paper is typically made from bleached or unbleached kraft pulp, selected for its strength and durability. Some eco-friendly options use 100% pure virgin fiber.

Coatings:
Polyethylene (PE): A thin film of polyethylene is laminated to one or both sides of the paper, providing superior resistance to grease and moisture.
Wax: Wax coatings provide an effective barrier against moisture and grease, but are not suitable for high-temperature applications like baking, where the wax can melt or ignite.

Water-based barriers: Polymer-based coatings are applied as an aqueous dispersion. They are a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional plastic or wax coatings and are often biodegradable and recyclable.
Silicone: Some baking and parchment papers are coated with silicone, providing excellent non-stick and high-heat resistance properties. This is distinct from standard coated greaseproof paper.
Physical and performance characteristics
Grammage (GSM): Paper weight typically ranges from 30â??70 GSM for standard applications, but can be heavier for more demanding uses, up to 200 GSM or more for base paper.
Grease and oil resistance: The primary feature is resistance to penetration by oils and fats. The degree of resistance can be measured and classified using the Kit Test, with higher numbers (e.g., Kit 1â??11) indicating better performance.
Moisture resistance: Coated paper also provides a barrier against moisture and other liquids, preventing sogginess and preserving the product's integrity.

Heat resistance: Some coated papers are designed to withstand high temperatures for baking or holding hot food. For instance, double-sided silicone oil paper is suitable for oven temperatures up to 200 C (392 F). Wax-coated papers, however, are not heat resistant.

Printability: Many coated papers have a smooth surface that can be printed with logos and custom designs to enhance branding.

Finish: The coated side can have a smooth, glossy, or matte finish, depending on the coating and desired appearance.
Safety and environmental standards

Silver foil laminated paper is a versatile material with a paper base and a thin layer of metallic aluminum, which gives it a shiny silver finish. The exact specifications vary depending on the paper's grade and the intended application, such as food packaging, disposable plates, or decorative crafts.
General specifications
Composition: The base is typically paper or paperboard, often kraft paper for durability. The metallic layer is a very thin coating of aluminum that provides the shiny silver look and enhanced properties. Some products may use a plastic film (like PET or BOPP) that is first metallized and then laminated to the paper.
Grammage (GSM): The weight of the paper base can vary significantly depending on the application. For disposable paper plates and packaging, common ranges are 80â??120 GSM, but heavier options up to 400 GSM are available.
Thickness: Product thickness can vary, particularly for rolls and sheets intended for different purposes. Some examples include:
9â??12 microns: Foil thickness for packaging rolls, according to Dmg Polypack Pvt. Ltd.
0.15â??0.5 mm: Overall thickness for certain laminated paper grades.
Size: Rolls and sheets come in various sizes, from small sheets for crafts (e.g., A4, A2) to large rolls for industrial manufacturing. Common roll widths and lengths are offered to meet customer requirements.
Finish: The paper can feature a variety of finishes, including glossy, matte, or patterned (e.g., "chex" pattern).
Key properties and applications
Reflective Finish: The metallic coating provides a bright, shiny, and reflective surface, which is ideal for decorative purposes, high-end branding, and gift wrapping.
Durability and Moisture Resistance: The lamination process adds strength to the paper and protects it against moisture, dirt, and dust, making it more robust than standard paper.
Protective Barrier: For packaging, the aluminum layer provides a protective barrier against moisture and oxygen, which helps improve the shelf life of wrapped products.
Printability: Unlike solid foil, metallized paper is printable, allowing for custom graphics and branding. The final appearance can be affected by the underlying paper's texture.
Food Safety: For applications like food wrapping, plates, and snack packaging, food-grade silver foil laminated paper is manufactured to be hygienic, non-toxic, and safe for contact with food

PLA (polylactic acid) coated biodegradable paper is a sustainable alternative to traditional polyethylene (PE) coated paper for packaging. It combines a paper or paperboard substrate with a thin film of plant-based PLA polymer, which provides a moisture and grease barrier.
Typical specifications
PLA-coated paper is a highly customizable material, with specifications varying based on the desired application, such as food containers, cups, or wrappers. The key parameters that define the material include:
Base Paper Material: High-quality, food-grade paper or paperboard from sources like virgin wood pulp, kraft paper, or bamboo.
Total Grammage (GSM): The overall paper density, a combination of the base paper and the PLA coating weight. For example, some products range from 80 - 120 GSM for kraft paper or 170 - 250 GSM for cupstock board.
PLA Coating Weight: The thickness of the PLA film, typically measured in grams per square meter (gsm) or microns. Common ranges are 15 - 20 gsm or 25 - 50 microns.
Barrier Properties: High-performance resistance to gas, oil, water, and grease, which helps extend the shelf life of food products.
Finish: The visual appearance can be either matte or glossy.
Coating Side: The PLA film can be applied to one side or both sides of the paper, depending on the application.
Heat Sealability: Excellent heat-sealing capabilities, which is a critical specification for manufacturers using automated cup- and box-forming machines.
Printability: The surface can be treated to achieve high-quality printing effects using water-based, eco-friendly inks.
Roll and Sheet Formats: Available in jumbo rolls, slitted rolls, or custom-sized sheets based on the customer's needs.

Performance characteristics
Characteristic Performance
Water and grease resistance Provides a strong barrier to moisture and oil, suitable for most food and beverage applications.
Heat resistance : Excellent for cold liquids and moderately hot items up to about 100 C. Pure PLA has a lower melt point than PE, which can limit its use for very hot liquids, but formulations are improving.
Biodegradability/Compostability Fully biodegradable and compostable in commercial or industrial composting facilities, where specific temperature and moisture conditions are met. This process breaks the material down into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass.
Safety ; Non-toxic, odorless, and food-safe, complying with regulations like FDA and EU food contact standards.
Versatility : Can be converted into various products such as cups, bowls, trays, and food boxes for both hot and cold items.
Tear resistance : Provides optimum tear strength to the final packaging product.

Coated and laminated papers are modified paper products with distinct specifications for different applications. Coated paper is typically treated with a liquid mixture of polymers or other materials, which is then dried to create a smoother, more print-receptive surface. Laminated paper, in contrast, involves bonding a clear plastic film to one or both sides of a paper substrate for superior protection.
Coated paper specifications
The specifications of coated paper vary based on the desired finish and end use. Key variables include the coating material, paperweight, and surface texture.
Finishes and typical specifications
Gloss coated paper: This finish features a shiny, reflective surface that makes colors more vibrant and details appear sharper.
Common uses: High-end brochures, magazines, posters, and book covers.
Specifications:
Gloss units: 50 - 80 gloss units, according to Oppaca.
Weight (GSM): Common ranges include 105 GSM for flyers and 135 GSM for magazines.
Matte coated paper: Offering a non-reflective surface, this finish provides a more subtle and professional look.
Common uses: Catalogues, annual reports, and text-heavy materials.
Specifications:
Gloss units: 10 - 20 gloss units, according to Oppaca.
Weight (GSM): Varies depending on application, with heavier weights (e.g., 250â??300 GSM) used for high-end printing.
Satin coated paper: A midpoint between gloss and matte, satin offers a low sheen and smooth finish.
Common uses: Advertising materials and promotional items.
Specifications:
Gloss units: 20 - 40 gloss units, according to Oppaca.
Specialty coated papers: Certain coated papers are designed for specific uses.
Example: Polyethylene (PE) coated poster paper: Features a glossy finish with high tear and puncture resistance for heat-sealable applications.
Common applications and products
PE Coated Kraft Paper: A moisture- and grease-resistant material used for wrapping and barrier packaging.
Specifications (for Platinum Poly Pack): 60 to 450 GSM, roll width 50mm to 1700mm.

Coated Art Paper: A premium, often multi-layer, paper with high-quality printing capabilities.

Specifications: Can feature triple coating and weights from 100 to 230 GSM.

Adhesive Coated Paper: Features a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer for labels and stickers.

Laminated paper specifications
Laminated paper offers superior durability and protection through the application of a protective film.
Finishes and material specifications
Glossy lamination: This finish provides a reflective, mirror-like surface for a polished look. It is more susceptible to fingerprints and scratches.
Pouch product example: Polycrom Korean (A4 Size) Lamination Pouch 80 Microns.
Matte lamination: Features a non-reflective, soft-touch finish that is scratch- and scuff-resistant.

Kraft linerboard (KLB) is a robust and durable paperboard used for the outer and inner layers of corrugated packaging. Its specific characteristics vary based on the grade, which depends on factors like grammage (GSM) and the type of pulp used, such as virgin or recycled fibers.
General properties
According to multiple paper suppliers, the typical properties and specifications for Kraft linerboard include:
Material: Made primarily from virgin kraft pulp, but it can also be a mix of virgin and recycled paper fibers.
Appearance: Often brown due to the natural unbleached kraft pulp, but "white top" kraft liner with a bleached top layer is also available.
Surface: The surface is generally smooth and clean, which allows for good printability.
Grammage (GSM): This can range significantly, from as low as 23 GSM to as high as 450 GSM or more, depending on the application.
Toughness: The board is known for its high tensile strength, burst resistance, and tear resistance.
Water resistance: Many grades of kraft linerboard offer good resistance to water absorption.
Eco-friendly: It is both recyclable and biodegradable.
Grade-specific examples
The following tables illustrate the different specifications for typical kraft linerboard grades offered by paper companies. The ranges for burst strength, RCT, and tensile strength vary with the grammage of the paper

Important factors affecting specifications
Recycled vs. virgin fiber: Kraft linerboard made with more virgin fiber tends to have higher strength properties, such as tensile and burst resistance, compared to testliner made with more recycled content.
Standardized tests: Specifications are determined through a variety of standardized tests that measure properties like Burst Factor (BF), Ring Crush Test (RCT), and water absorption (Cobb).
Customization: Many suppliers, like Shitla Papers and BMPAPER, offer customizable specifications based on a customer's specific needs, including adjustments to grammage and thickness

Test Liner Board is a type of paperboard made predominantly from recycled fibers and used for the inner and outer layers of corrugated cardboard. Its specifications cover properties like grade, grammage, and performance, which vary based on the specific application.� Primary specifications and properties� Material: Testliner is primarily made from 100% recycled fibers, distinguishing it from Kraftliner, which is made from virgin pulp.Layered construction: The board is multi-layered, with an outer layer often treated to improve printing and strength, and a base layer made of recycled fibers.Grades: Testliner is available in several standard grades that indicate its composition and performance:Testliner 2 (T2): A partly recycled liner paper.Testliner 3 (T): A fully recycled liner paper.White Top Testliner (WT): A two-ply product with a white, bleached, and coated surface for high-quality printing, and a recycled fiber base.Mottled Testliner (OY): Features a mottled (speckled) appearance with white fibers on a recycled base.Grammage (GSM): This specification refers to the paper's weight per square meter (\(g/m^{2}\)). Common ranges for Testliner are between 100 and 300 gsm, with typical weights for corrugated material being 115/125, 140/150, and 185/200 gsm.Strength properties: Key indicators of Testliner performance include:Bursting strength: The force required to rupture the paper, which is a crucial measure for impact and handling resistance.Ring Crush Test (RCT): Measures the edgewise compression strength, indicating the board's stacking performance.Short Span Compression Test (SCT): An alternative measure of compression strength, particularly important for evaluating box strength.Surface properties:Cobb value: Measures water absorption. Testliners are often sized to control absorbency, with specific grades for applications requiring moisture resistance.Printability: The quality of the surface for printing is optimized through coatings and surface treatments, especially for White Top grades.Environmental profile: Being manufactured predominantly from recycled fibers, Testliner is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to virgin fiber-based papers like Kraftliner.� Applications and trade-offs� Testliner is a versatile material used primarily in the packaging industry for making corrugated boxes.� Primary function: It forms the inner and outer liners of corrugated cardboard, providing strength, protection, and a printable surface.Versatility: It is suitable for packaging consumer goods, food, and other products where high strength-to-cost efficiency and printing are required.Cost-effectiveness: Testliner is generally less expensive than Kraftliner due to its recycled fiber content, making it an optimal choice for less-demanding applications.Strength vs. Kraftliner: While strong, Testliner is not as robust as Kraftliner, which is made with longer, virgin fibers and is used for heavy-duty applications

Fluting medium kraft is a durable and rigid paper used as the wavy, inner layer of corrugated cardboard. Its key specifications relate to its high-performance properties that provide strength, cushioning, and runnability during the manufacturing process.
Primary physical properties
Grammage (GSM): This specification refers to the paper's weight in grams per square meter. The typical range for fluting medium kraft is between 80 and 250 GSM, with the specific weight chosen based on the desired strength and rigidity of the final corrugated board.
Bursting Factor (BF): BF indicates the paper's strength and its resistance to rupturing under pressure. A higher BF value means stronger paper. Common BF ranges for fluting medium are 14 - 22 BF.
Caliper: The thickness of the paper is critical for flute formation. Standard 140 GSM medium paper, for instance, has a caliper of approximately 220 microns.
Moisture content: Proper moisture levels (typically 5 - 8%) are vital for good flute formation during the corrugation process. Moisture variations can lead to defects and loss of strength in the final product.
Ring Crush Test (RCT): This test measures the compressive strength of the paper. It is particularly important for the final corrugated box's vertical stacking strength, which is measured by the Edge Crush Test (ECT).
Flat Crush Strength (CMT): The Concora Medium Test (CMT) measures the resistance to crushing of a fluted paper strip.
Performance characteristics
Runnability: The ability of the paper to run on a corrugator machine at high speed without affecting flute quality. High-quality fluting medium is designed to withstand the stress of the corrugating process and form durable, uniform flutes.
Water absorption: A medium level of water absorption is essential. If the paper absorbs too much water from the starch adhesive, it can lead to a poor bond. If it absorbs too little, it can also cause bonding issues.
Recyclability: Many fluting medium kraft papers are made from 100% recycled pulp, aligning with sustainable packaging goals.
Manufacturing process
Fluting medium kraft can be produced from virgin wood pulp using the chemical kraft pulping process or from recycled paper and cardboard. The source material affects the final paper's strength and color.

White Top Kraft Liner (WTKL) is a premium paperboard used for the outer layer of corrugated cardboard, offering a superior white surface for high-quality printing and graphics. Specifications can vary by manufacturer and grade, depending on the pulp type (virgin or recycled) and any special coatings

Types of WTKL
Virgin WTKL: Made from 100% virgin fibers, typically offering superior strength and a cleaner, brighter surface for the highest quality applications.
Recycled/Testliner WTKL: Produced using a combination of recycled fibers in the base layer and virgin or high-grade recycled fibers in the top layer. This offers a balance of quality, strength, and environmental benefits.
Coated WTKL: Features an additional coating on the top surface to enhance print quality, smoothness, and ink holdout.
Uncoated WTKL: Offers a less glossy, more natural finish while still providing a bright white printing surface.

Applications
WTKL is primarily used for the outer liner of corrugated cardboard packaging for consumer products. Common applications include:
Retail-ready and shelf-ready packaging
High-quality printed shipping boxes
Point-of-sale displays
Electronics and food packaging (subject to certification)
Promotional packaging

Manila Bristol board is a type of sturdy, uncoated paperboard used for office supplies, stationery, and art projects. "Manila" traditionally referred to its buff color and composition from hemp fibers, while "Bristol" denotes a durable, multi-ply construction. Today, the terms are often used interchangeably to describe a quality, thick paper, with specific specifications varying by manufacturer.� General characteristics� Basis weight: Manila Bristol board is a heavy paper, generally ranging from 140 to 350 gsm (grams per square meter), though other weights are available. Some variants, known as oaktag, can be even heavier, up to 450 gsm.Color: The classic Manila color is a pale yellow or buff. The board is also widely available in many other colors, from light pastels to dark, rich shades.Material: While originally made from durable hemp, most modern Manila board is made from unbleached wood pulp or a mix of virgin and recycled wood pulp.Construction: True Bristol board is made by pasting multiple plies, or sheets, of paper together to create a single, thick, and stiff board. A 2-ply board has two layers, 3-ply has three, and so on.Surface: The surface is typically smooth or has a slight texture (known as vellum or antique finish), making it suitable for drawing and writing with a variety of media.� Key specifications by use� For printing and writing� Manufacturers provide specific paper characteristics for printing applications:� Density: $\geq\(0.70g/cm\)^3$Moisture: \(6\pm 10\%\)pH value: ~8, which is slightly alkalineSmoothness: Measured as 10â??25 secondsThickness: 150â??560 �µmTensile strength: $\geq$3.5 kmFolding resistance: Often specified as $\leq$20 times� For crafting and heavy-duty use� For applications requiring durability, specifications often emphasize strength and resistance:� Good stiffness and tensile strengthGood folding enduranceHigh bursting strength� Common applications� Office and school supplies: Manila Bristol board is used for file folders, booklet covers, dividers, postcards, and menus.Art and craft projects: The board's stiff, durable nature makes it ideal for cut-outs, posters, signs, greeting cards, and drawing projects.Display and advertising: The board can be used for advertising displays and other materials that require a stiff, printable surface.Museums and archives: In archival settings, lignin-free and neutral pH Bristol boards are used for dividers and storage support

While specifications for color file boards can vary by brand and product, here are some common details to help you choose the right one for your needs.
Materials
File boards are made from a range of materials, each offering different durability and features.
Cardboard: A common, affordable, and lightweight option, ideal for temporary projects and everyday organization.
Recycled paperboard: An eco-friendly option used in products like the PR Global Resources India Private Limited Duplex File Board, available in multiple colors.
Plastic: Durable, water-resistant, and suitable for long-term use and environments where spills are a concern. Brands like Kalpataru Papers LLP offer plastic color file boards.
Polypropylene (PP): A lightweight but strong and moisture-resistant type of plastic. Some cobra and spring clip files, like those from Dataking Stationers, are made from polypropylene.
Jute and non-woven sheet: Used for some spring file boards, offering a unique texture.
Sizes and dimensions
File boards come in a variety of sizes to fit different types of documents.
Letter Size: Typically 8.5 x 11 inches, this is the standard size for most documents in the United States.
Legal Size: At 8.5 x 14 inches, this size is suitable for legal documents and longer papers.
A4 Size: The standard international size, measuring approximately 8.3 x 11.7 inches. Many brands, including Neelgagan and Jaya, offer A4-sized file boards.
Larger custom sizes: Some manufacturers, such as Royal Crepe Paper, offer custom sizes like 22 x 28 inches.
Grammage (GSM)
Grammage, or Grams per Square Meter (GSM), refers to the paper's weight and thickness.
Standard weight: Many file boards, like the Shining Zon Multicolor Spring File Board, are offered in a 560 GSM weight for a sturdy, thick feel.
Variety of options: Other products range from 180 to 600 GSM, allowing for choice based on desired durability and flexibility.
Features
Many color file boards include special features for enhanced functionality.
Cobra clip: Many boards are equipped with a "cobra clip" or "spring clip" mechanism to securely hold documents in place.
Corners covered: Boards like the Haryana General Stationers Thick Board feature covered corners and a binding cloth on the periphery for extra strength.
Multi-pocket design: Expanding or accordion-style file boards, such as the VARKAUS 13 Layers File Folder, contain multiple internal pockets for better organization.
Flaps and laces: Some traditional "flapper" file boards, like those from Kalindi Impressions, come with large flaps and long laces for secure closure.
Whiteboard surface: For added utility, some file boards feature a whiteboard surface for quick notes

Kappa board, rigid board, and grey board are different names for the same type of dense, strong paperboard made from recycled paper. The terms are often used interchangeably, with "grey board" referring to its color and "rigid board" to its strength. Specifications can vary based on the manufacturer, thickness, and grade, but general characteristics include high stiffness and durability.� General specifications� Here are some of the typical specifications for grey/kappa/rigid board, according to various manufacturers and suppliers:� Raw material: Made from 100% recycled or mixed waste paper.Color: Typically gray/grey, though some variations have a white or colored side, or are laminated.Grades: Varying quality grades are available, such as Grade AA and Grade A.Stiffness: Known for its good stiffness and rigidity, which prevents bending.Printing compatibility: The surface is not typically meant for printing but can be covered with a wrapper paper for high-quality printing. Some laminated versions are compatible with offset, screen, and digital printing.Sustainability: Because it's made from recycled materials, it is an eco-friendly and recyclable packaging option.Moisture resistance: Features moisture resistance, particularly laminated or coated versions.� Common dimensions and weights� Standard dimensions and weights can vary widely depending on the manufacturer and the intended use.� Dimensions� Standard sheet sizes:787 x 1092 mm (\(31^{\prime \prime }\) x \(43^{\prime \prime }\))889 x 1194 mm (\(35^{\prime \prime }\) x \(47^{\prime \prime }\))31 x 41 inchesCustom sizes: Many suppliers offer customized sheet or roll sizes to meet specific requirements.� Thickness and weight� Thickness: Ranges from 0.5 mm to over 4 mm.Thicknesses are also correlated with the GSM (grams per square meter).For custom rigid boxes, the minimum recommended thickness is typically 1.5mm to ensure durability.Weight (GSM): Common weights range from 650 to 2400 GSM. Heavier boards are used for applications requiring more substantial feel and strength.� Common applications� The strength and durability of grey board make it suitable for a variety of products, especially those requiring a sturdy form or protective packaging.� Luxury packaging: Rigid boxes for items like jewelry, cosmetics, and electronics.Book covers: Hard-cover books, diaries, and albums.Puzzles and games: Sturdy backing for board games and puzzles.Stationery and office supplies: File folders and notebook covers.Protective packaging: Display stands, partitions, and signage

Solid Bleached Sulphate (SBS) board is a premium, virgin-fiber paperboard prized for its exceptional whiteness, smoothness, and printability. It is available in various grades with specifications that can be tailored for high-end packaging, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food-contact applications.
Key characteristics and properties
Composition
100% Virgin Pulp: SBS is made purely from bleached chemical pulp, derived from hardwood and/or softwood. This composition results in a high-purity, hygienic board with no taste or odor.
Layers: Unlike multi-ply boards with recycled content, SBS is white throughout its entire thickness. It can be coated on one side (C1S) or both sides (C2S) with mineral or synthetic pigments, such as kaolin clay, to enhance surface smoothness for printing.
Physical specifications
Grammage (GSM): Manufacturers offer a wide range of grammages, commonly from 150 to 450 GSM, depending on the specific application.
Thickness (Caliper): The thickness of SBS board varies with grammage. Example ranges include 0.54 mm to 0.83 mm for 460 to 680 GSM boards.
Density: Compared to other paperboards, SBS is known for its high density due to its tightly packed fibers.
Stiffness: SBS has good stiffness and compression strength, providing durability and protection for packaged goods.
Strength: It offers good overall strength properties, though typically with lower tear resistance compared to solid unbleached sulphate (SUS) board.
Moisture Resistance: SBS has a low moisture absorption rate. Polyethylene (PE) coating can be added to create a food-safe moisture barrier for certain applications.
Performance specifications
Printability: A smooth, bright-white surface and excellent ink holdout make SBS ideal for high-quality, high-impact graphics using offset, flexography, and screen printing.
Conversion: The board performs well in a variety of post-press processes, including:
Die-cutting and scoring
Creasing
Embossing and debossing
Hot foil stamping
Lamination (film and foil)
Purity: As a virgin fiber product, SBS is hygienic and free of odor or taste, making it FDA compliant and safe for direct contact with most foods.
Sustainability: SBS is made from a renewable resource (wood pulp) and is recyclable.
Common SBS board variants
C1S (Coated One Side): A single-coated board with a smooth, glossy surface on one side for premium printing and an uncoated reverse side.
C2S (Coated Two Sides): A double-coated board with smooth, bright-white surfaces on both sides, making it ideal for packaging or displays requiring excellent, matching print results on both the front and back.
Coated and Uncoated: Some SBS products are available with a fine, uncoated finish for a natural feel, while coated versions offer a premium gloss, silk, or matte surface

Duplex Board (LWC, HWC Grey Back & White Back

Duplex board specifications vary mainly by the type of coating (LWC or HWC) and the color of the back layer (grey or white). The choice depends on the intended use, such as high-quality printing for consumer goods versus durability for industrial packaging.
Common specifications for all duplex boards
Composition: A multi-layered paperboard, typically consisting of a bleached or high-quality pulp layer on top for printing and a base layer of lower-grade or recycled pulp for strength.
GSM (Grams per Square Meter): The weight and thickness of the board are critical specs. The typical range is 150 to 700 GSM, though most packaging falls between 180 and 450 GSM.
Properties: Duplex boards are known for their high stiffness, smoothness, and durability. They also offer resistance to curling and moisture.
Availability: They are available in both large reels for industrial machines and cut sheets for other applications.
Applications: Common uses include boxes for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food packaging, and garment inserts.
LWC (Lightweight Coated) Duplex Board
LWC boards have a thinner or lighter coating on the top surface, offering a good balance of cost-effectiveness and appearance.
Weight: Lighter than HWC, making it more cost-effective for transportation.
Printability: Provides a glossy, smooth, and even surface suitable for offset printing and other methods.
Applications: Ideal for lightweight packaging where visual appeal is important but the strength of HWC is not required. Commonly used for gift boxes and general consumer products.
HWC (Heavyweight Coated) Duplex Board
HWC boards feature a heavier coating, which results in greater thickness and weight.
Weight and Stiffness: Heavier and stiffer than LWC, providing greater structural integrity and durability.
Printability: The heavier coating provides a more premium printing surface, allowing for sharper images and more vibrant graphics.
Applications: Used for heavy-duty packaging, retail displays, and other applications that require maximum strength and a high-quality finish.
Grey Back Duplex Board
This type has a grey-colored underside, which is made from lower-grade or recycled paper pulp.
Top Surface: Coated and white, providing a high-quality surface for printing and graphics.
Back Surface: Grey and uncoated. This side is less aesthetically appealing and is typically hidden inside the packaging.
Applications: Commonly used for packaging consumer goods where a premium look is only needed on the outside, such as food containers and general product boxes

Holographic paper is a specialized paper that has been treated to produce a unique, rainbow-like shimmer when light reflects off its surface. Its key specifications vary depending on its intended application, which ranges from luxury packaging and gift wrap to high-security stickers. Common specifications� Manufacturing process: The base paper is coated with a microscopically thin, metalized film, usually aluminum. The film is then embossed with fine patterns, which diffract light and create the holographic effect. A final topcoat or lamination is added for protection.Material type: In addition to standard paper, holographic materials can be manufactured as vinyl sticker paper, cardstock, and film, with varying levels of wet strength.Thickness: Holographic paper is available in a wide range of thicknesses, typically measured in GSM (grams per square meter) or microns. For example, Kuwer Industries offers thicknesses ranging from 50 to 220 GSM, while Galaxy Holovision offers a 24-micron paper.Finish: The reflective surface can have several finishes, which are often achieved with additional coatings:Glossy: Enhances the vibrant colors and reflective patterns of the holographic design.Matte: Provides a more subtle, understated look while retaining the holographic effect.Size: Available in standard sheet sizes like A4 (\(210\text{mm}\times 297\text{mm}\)) and US letter (\(8.5\text{in}\times 11\text{in}\)), as well as large rolls for industrial use.Adhesive: Some holographic paper products are self-adhesive, making them suitable for creating stickers and labels. These often feature strong, permanent adhesives

Specifications for wrapping paper include its weight (GSM), finish (matte, gloss, etc.), texture, and durability. The best type for a specific use depends on your project's aesthetic goals and functional needs.

Grams per square meter (GSM)

GSM is the standard measure of a paper's weight and thickness. A higher GSM indicates a thicker and more durable paper.
17- 45 GSM: This range is for very thin, lightweight paper, such as tissue paper. It is delicate and best used for adding an inner, elegant layer to a gift box rather than for primary wrapping.

80 GSM: This is a common weight for standard gift wrapping paper. It is flexible yet strong enough for attractive gift presentation.
90 - 120 GSM: At this weight, the paper is thicker and stronger, similar to standard office copy paper.

300+ GSM: This is considered card stock, which is too thick for wrapping but is suitable for gift tags, greeting cards, and postcards.

Finishes
The finish of wrapping paper affects its appearance, color vibrancy, and durability.

Matte: This finish has a soft, non-reflective surface that gives a sophisticated, subtle, and elegant look. It reduces glare, making it easier to read text and making fingerprints less visible. However, colors on matte paper may appear slightly softer than on glossy paper.

Product example: The Indigo Retail Plain & Smooth Matte-finish wrapping sheets are designed to be easily foldable and add an attractive, non-reflective finish to your packages.

Glossy: With a shiny, reflective coating, glossy paper makes colors appear more vibrant and adds a professional, eye-catching appeal. However, it can create glare under bright lights and is more prone to showing fingerprints and scratches.

Product example: Rose Gold Shinny Gloss Metallic Gift Wrapping Paper adds a high-shine, glamorous touch with a metallic finish.
Metallic and foil: This paper type features a shiny, reflective foil layer laminated to a paper base. It gives a luxurious and glamorous feel, perfect for special occasions. Some metallic finishes can also be embossed.
Product example: Rifle Paper Co. Canopy Gold Wrapping Roll features metallic gold illustrations.

Uncoated: This refers to paper with no surface coating, giving it a porous, natural, and raw feel. It absorbs ink more deeply, resulting in softer colors. It's often associated with an eco-friendly or rustic aesthetic.

Product example: Lakeer Natural Fibre Gift Wrapping Paper offers an eco-friendly option with a natural, unrefined finish

White bleached kraft paper specifications include a range of grammages from 30 to 440 gsm, with common values between 40 and 150 gsm, and a bright white color resulting from the bleaching process. It is available in custom sheet or roll sizes, with key characteristics like good printability, strength, opacity, and durability suitable for applications such as food packaging, shopping bags, and printing.

Key specifications
Grammage: Varies by application, from a low of 30 gsm for lightweight uses to a high of 440 gsm for heavy-duty packaging. Common ranges are 40 - 150 gsm.

Color: Bright white, as a result of the bleaching process which removes lignin.

Material: Typically made from virgin or recycled pulp, with bleached pulp known for being less prone to yellowing and more durable.

Strength: Stronger than brown kraft paper due to the bleaching process. Burst Factor (BF) ratings can range from 16 to 40.

Surface: Often has a glossy surface on one side and good opacity.

Size: Available in both custom-sized rolls and sheets.

Applications
Packaging: Food container and packaging, food-grade wraps, paper bags, and shopping bags.
Printing: Ideal for offset, flexo, and gravure printing for items like pamphlets, brochures, and labels.
Other uses: Flour and sugar bags, poly extrusion coating, and various types of boxes.

Additional properties

Brightness: Typically has a high surface brightness, often around 83% or higher.

Environmental: Recyclable and free from toxic content, though the bleaching process itself has environmental considerations