MJZXJ-1 Automatic Folder and Gluer 1. Introduction of the machine: MJZXJ-1 automatic fold gluer consist of three parts which is feeding paper part, gluing & folding part and counting piling part, with PLC and colorful touch screen to adjust the speed, to adjust the width of carton. with easy-faster-precise-faithful controlling style, automatic feeding paper, automatic gluing and folding, automatic counting, automatic piling and output the carton, average working speed is 150pcs/min,max speed is 220pcs/min.High efficiency, save energy, enviromental is our top pursuit. 1) PLC is Delta brand made in Taiwan. 2) Colorful touch screen is Hitech brand made in Taiwan. 3) All the motor is Taiwan brand. 4) The electric part such like contactor, relay, button, knobs adopt Telemecanique brand. 5) The belt for vacuum and for transmission is Italy brand. 2. Function and characteristics: 1) Automatically finish the top folding and middle folding, meanwhile finish the glue belt stick of the upper and down part, save labor and time. 2) suitable range is wide, can be used in different size of carton, quick and convenient to adjust. 3) The machine work steady and reliable, the pasting quality is firm and high precision. 4) Easy to operate and to maintain 5) Automatic amend the carton right-angle degree. 3.Main technique parameter. 1) Max. corrugate paperboard size:1200¡Á2200mm 2) Min. corrugate paperboard size:260¡Á600mm. 3) Power:8 kw 4.Introduction of each parts 1) Folding part The first folding line is 180 degree, the third folding line is 135 degree 2) Automatic amending part: Automatic amending, make the carton with the most exactly form after pasting. 3) Counting and piling part: The finished product quantity can be counted and with good pilling, can setting the quantity of the out carton, and after pasting, the carton can be come out accord the setting number. The speed can be adjusted, can be controlled separately, the piling speed is 220m/min. 4) Control gauge part: With PLC and colorful touch screen, and adjust production speed and data-input while the machine is running, many change function of the screen. Also the carton width adjustment by this PLC and touch screen, input size, automatic adjust.
MJSF-320FX Single Facer Introduction: Single Facer is the main machine for producing the corrugated paperboard. Vacuum suction model single facer has very good production precision. The choose of the machine is directly effecting the quality of the corrugated paperboard. Characteristics: * Paper leading with Vacuum absorb model, have high-pressure & strong fan motor. The flow of fan can be adjusted, and have silencer; The electric control system fastens on a electrical case, which has min. 1.5meter distance from equipments, the operation side is completely independent. * Gimble drive system, separated structure and independent drive case. Closed gear drive system with oiling lubrication, the usage life of the gears is highly prolonged. * Machine base and wallboard is cast iron structure, thickness of the wallboard is 180mm. * Corrugated Roll: Material of corrugated roll is 52CrMo alloy, which is dealt with quench, surface polish. Diameter of roll is Ø 320mm, surface hardness is more than HRC60. The adjust of up and down of roll is pneumatic controlled. * Press roll: Diameter is Ø320mm, surface is worn down and chromeplated. The adjust of up and down of roll is pneumatic controlled, material is Carbon Iron 45#, dealt with confection. * Pre-heater Roll: Diameter is Ø400mm, surface is worn down and chromeplated. All are connect with soft metal pipe. * The bearing of corrugated roll and press roll are lubricated and high-temperature resistant. * Glue supply and quit is pneumatic controlled, diameter of glue roll is Ø240mm, surface of roll has concave netted rind, surface polish & chromeplated. Surface of adjust roll is surface polish & chromeplated. * Use electrical glue separate equipments, the glue part can run independently when the main motor stops, this can avoid the dry of the glue.(Choose by customer.) * Middle height of corrugated roll is 0.10mm, middle height of press roll is 0.075mm. Have place limit equipment, diameter of tighten cylinder is Ø160mm. Technological Parameters: 1. Working width: 1600mm, 1800mm, 2000mm,2200mm. 2. Design speed: 120m/min. 3. Operation direction: Left or right (design as customer’s workshop.) 4. Gas: 0.4-0.9Mpa. 5. Steam pressure: 0.8-1.3Mpa. 6. Flute: UV or UVV model, can design as customer’s requirement. Diameter of the rolls: 1. Corrugated Roll: Ø320 mm 2. Press Roll: Ø320 mm 3. Gluing Roll: Ø240 mm 4. Pre-heating Roll: Ø400 mm Drive Power: 1) Main Motor: 11KW, 380V, 50HZ 2) Fan Motor: 15KW, 380V, 50HZ
MJZX-2 Semi-auto Carton Gluer Machine Introduction: Semi-auto Carton Gluer Machine is new machine for carton production in recent years. It is mainly used for the glue of the carton. It can glue for 3-layer, 5-layer, 7-layer paperboard and so on. The machine structure is easy, working is stable, operation is simple, production efficiency is high, gluing quality is good, production cost is very low. The cost is 15times lower than steel wire stitcher machine. Machine structure: Machine frame, up and down working-table, front transport equipment, front revising equipment, middle transport equipment, middle press equipment, finished product side output equipment, electrical control equipment. Characteristics: Easy and reliable operation system. Novel design of the whole machine. High-speed changing sizes. Automatically counting and strap setting. Technological Parameters: Model MJZXJ-2 Max. Size (L+W)*2 2460mm Min. Size (L+W)*2 340mm Max. Size (W+H)*2 1515mm Min. Size (W+H)*2 240mm Paperboard feeding height 900mm Power 2.2kw Mechanical Speed 40m/min Machine Packing Size 4.5*1.95*2.0m Machine Weight 2000KG Note: We can produce different size machine as customer¡¯s requirements.
MJMQ-3 Rotatory Die-Cutting Machine (Chain model) Front Photo Back and side Photo Introduction MJMQ-3 Series Rotatory Die-cutting Machine is driven by chain. It is used for die-cutting corrugated paperboard and different kind atypic packages. The advantage of the machine is high efficiency, power save, good safety and so on. This machine use PU roller cover which is imported from Taiwan, the usage life is more than 10million times. The machine has the function of automatically line-speed compensation, this function makes the die-cutting size of the paperboard is exactly right even when the roller cover is attrited. The renovate structure 3times prolongs the life of the roller cover. The feeding system use chain transport. The operation and usage is very easy. Die-cutting part: 1) The roller uses high-grade steel, surface is abrasive with hard chromeplated. 2) Automatically revise the parallel, running stably. 3) Use PU roller cover which is imported from Taiwan. 4) The rubber roller have transverse 50mm moving system. 5) Automatic compensation of the line-speed means: the automatic compensation structure makes each batch carton size same after die-cutting without worker¡¯s operation. 6)The roller cover can automatically rehab, this prolongs the use life of the roller. Technological Parameters Model Max. Paperboard size(mm) Min. Paperboard size(mm) Thickness(mm) Main Power(kw) MJMQ-3-1600B 1600¡Á1350 300¡Á500 1-8(3-5layer) 4.0 MJMQ-3-1800B 1800¡Á1350 300¡Á600 1-8(3-5 layer) 5.5 MJMQ-3-2000B 2000¡Á1600 400¡Á600 1-8(3-5 layer) 7.5 MJMQ-3-2400B 2400¡Á1600 400¡Á700 1-10(3-7 layer) 7.5
MJBD-2 Thin Blade (Paperboard Slitter and Scorer) Introduction The Thin Blade (Paperboard slitting and pressing line machines) produced by our company is good appearance, good structure, with good design, easy to operation, easy to maintenance, and with competitive price. The paperboard slitting and pressing machine use thin blade to cutting, the edge of the knives are very sharp, this makes the paperboard after cutting are very good edge, this improves the appearance and quality of the paperboard. Make the paperboard easier for entering printer machine, and improves the quality of the carton. The design of this machine use pressing and pulling paperboard with double wheels, can change wheels base. This means the machines can press and slitting, also can pull paper in front and back, can slitting stably. This is perfect machines for manufacturers of cartons. Technological Parameters Model MJBD-2-1800 MJBD-2-2000 MJBD-2-2200 MJBD-2-2400 Max paperboard size (mm) 1700 1900 2100 2300 Max mechanical speed 100pcs/min 100pcs/min 100pcs/min 100pcs/min Blade knives 4 knives 4 knives 4 knives 4 knives Presslines 6 pairs 6 pairs 6 pairs 6 pairs Min slitting width (mm) 130 130 130 130 Min pressing width (mm) 30 30 30 30 Outer diameter of the thin blade 220mm or 200mm 220mm or 200mm 220mm or 200mm 220mm or 200mm Thickness of the thin blade 1.2mm(steel), 1.4mm (alloy) 1.2mm(steel), 1.4mm (alloy) 1.2mm(steel), 1.4mm (alloy) 1.2mm(steel), 1.4mm (alloy) Power 4.0KW 4.0KW 4.0KW 4.0KW Pneumatic pressure
MJRS-1 Hydraulic Mill Roll Stand 1) The sturcture is double rotary shafts with four arms; Support two paper mill rolls on both arms at the same time. 2) Hydraulic control for paper mill roller up-down, clamp-open and centering. Or motorized clamp-open and centering. 3) Using multi-point brake which imports from Italy and automatic expansion springiness chucks , Reduce paper waste. 4) Effective width:1400mm-2800mm. 5) Maximum paper roll diameter:¦Õ1500mm. 6) Maximum support weight: 7T. 7) Main axis:¦Õ270mm HS CODE: 844180900
MJRY-2 Creasing and Die-cutting Machine (With Inverter For adjust the speed) It is a kind of special equipment for all assortments of common card boards, corrugated boards, plastic sheets, leather products. It is suitable for printing, packing, decorating, plastic industries etc. with the features of firm structure, exquisite marking, greet cutting, high precision, ease of operation, safety and reliability etc. This Series Creasing and Die-cutting machine use Inverter to adjust the speed.
MJDX-2 Stitcher (Stapler) Introduction: MJDX-2 Stitcher (Stapler), the head of the machine is made with electromagnetic clutch and electromagnetic arrester. The machine has advantages as working reaction speed is high, low noise and so on. The carton stapler is the special equipment for nailing the corrugated paper carton and paper box with double-feed device. It can nail double line oblique according to 45degree at the same time and nail the big and middle size paper case continuously or interruptedly. Sizes available: 600mm, 900mm, 1200mm, 1400mm, 1600mm, 1800mm. Technological parameters: Main technological Parameters: Model MJDX-2 Speed 400 stitcher/min. Working thickness 3-ply, 5-ply paperboard Stitch type 45¡ã double lean-nail Width of stitch feet 13mm Size of stitch wire 17# Operation table height 1.2m Motor power 0.55KW Machine Weight 650kg
MJSGL-2 Single Facer Line (2-layer corrugated paperboard production line) (2-ply corrugated paperboard line) Roll Stand Single Facer Paperboard Cutter Note: For the Single Facer line, we can produce different model roll stand, single facer, and paper cutter as customer's requirements. Introduction: Single facer line is also called 2-layer corrugated paperboard production line. This Single facer Line is composed of Paper Roll stand, Single facer machine, circumvolve paper cutting machine. To use the web paper material single face machine production line, producing and cutting single face corrugated paper as required sizes, it forms the corrugated board with no need drying. This unit has the advantages of reasonable fabric, advanced technology, high quality of production, high efficiency, low workmanship, operation and maintenance easy. This is the preferred equipment for the production of corrugated cardboard of the cardboard factories. Technological Parameter: Working Width 1400mm 1600mm 1800mm 2000mm Heating method Electrical heating/Oil heating / Steam heating Design speed 40-70m/min Economical speed 30-60 m/min Compress-air pressure 0.4-0.9MPa Flute type Standard flute UV Flute Standard spec. A,B,C,E,F
MJBL-6 Series 3-color big roll Flexo printer Function and Characteristics 1) The operating panel own double control function from full-face and lateral, special lateral control panel designed personality, it is very convenient and fast. 2) Choose dimensional design, reduce arched cardboard printing error and cardboard shift during the machinery running. 3) Adopt pneumatic locking and motorized detachment. 4) The working method of ink printing plate, pneumatic uplift printing plate, pneumatic uplife ink well, unattached electrical machinery running, cannot stop the ink when stop device, automatic ink equably. 5) Printing plate roller 360 regulation electrical phasing adjustment. (You can also choose CPU digital display phase adjustment function). 6) 45# steel high frequency heat treatment for gear running whole machinery, exact color and last well. Main Technical parameter Model number Roller diameter Over the paper width Area of valid printing Electrical power MJBL-6-1600 695 1800 2100¡Á1600 5.5 MJBL-6-1600 800 1800 2450¡Á1600 5.5 MJBL-6-1800 800 2000 2450¡Á1800 7.5 MJBL-6-2000 800 2200 2450¡Á2000 7.5 MJBL-6-1800 908 2000 2800¡Á1800 10 MJBL-6-2000 908 2200 2800¡Á2000 10
MJNC-3 Automatic Double NC cutoff 1. Features AC servo cutting system Automatic synchronization of cardboard¡¯s speed; fixed length cut ¨Coff as its basic function; Automatic order change; Italian branded permanent magnet synchronous AC servo motor and German branded servo controller adopted for high efficiency and precision cutoff. Optional color mark tracking system is used if preprinted liner paper is put into production. VF control of feed-in and feed-out Variable frequency motor and inverter control used for cardboards¡¯ feed-in and feed-out on this machine. Timing belt transmission; PU wheels used for cardboard pressing at feeding; Automatic synchronization of conveying speed and cardboard real speed. Touch-screen monitor Standard 5.7 touch-screen monitor and friendly HMI on operator console is used for on-site operating. Superior working conditions Individual sealed control cabinet; equipped with industrial air-conditioning system; Dust-free, constant temperature and humidity working conditions ensures longer life-span of electrical components. Stability and reliability High-quality raw materials, strict heat treatment, high-precision mechanical processing, ensures stable operation of equipment on the long run. Use of international branded electrical, pneumatic components, standard parts, ensures high reliability and long service life. High automation High-automatic running and control, improve the efficiency, save labors, and reduce labor intensity CE approval. Our products are designed and constructed strictly according to CE standards and have obtained CE approval via SGS. 2. Technical specifications Max. Speed 150,200,250m/min Effective width 1800,2200,2500mm Cutting precision ¡À1mm Cutting length 500~9999mm
Right-angle Conveyor and Stacker Charateristics: * Automatically stack and collect the paperboard. * Pneumatic control the transversely output of paperboard, electrical ouput. * Vertical paperboard collecting use width belt for transportation. * When the paperboard stack to required height, the paperboard is output by switch controlled. Technological Parameters: 1.Speed: 60-80m/min. 2. Working width:1600mm. 3. Max. Length of paperboard: 2400 mm. 4. Max.Height of paperboard: 200 mm. 5. Gas: 0.4—0.9Mpa. 6. Steam Pressure: 0.8—1.3Mpa. 7. Operation direction: Left or right (design as customer’s workshop.) Diameter of the rolls: 1. Belt roll: Ø86mm, Surface of roll is chromeplated and polished. 2.Transversely output roll: Ø124mm Surface of roll is chromeplated and polished. Drive Power: Main transport motor: 0.75KW 380V 50HZ Transversely output motor: 0.55KW 380V 50HZ Running power: 0.55KW 380V 50HZ Main outsourcing parts, materials and origin Name Brand & Origin Material Motor Jiangsu Deyi Electrical elements Delixi, Chint Pneumatic elements Tian Ao Proximate Matter Tangshan 10#,12# Channel steel Transport belt Own city Bearing Shenzhen HWL or Wanxiang Sealmaster Anhui Qianshan, Wanshan brand
MJSF-380D Single Facer (Double Flute) Purpose and Characteristics: 1) Design speed:200m/min 2) Effective width of machine: 1400mm-2500mm 3) Main flute roller diameter¦Õ380mm, pressure roller diameter¦Õ385mm, preheater roller diameter¦Õ400mm. 4) Vacuum suction paper leading features perfect flute formation 5) Dual flute structure, one pair flute rollers unit working and another preheating, achieve flute quickly change. Save working space ( if normal single facer machine need two sets to achieve this function ). 6) PLC control system. Touch screen display all running data, easy for operation. 7) The flute rollers made by special alloy steel with hardness treatment . it' hardness can reach HRC58-60, The surface is well treated by grind and plated chrome, or adopt Tungsten carbide flute rollers are optional. 8) The independent driving box, five driver axis, all gears with hardness treatment, oil spray lubricating by oil pump to reduce noise keep running stable, prolong the use life of gear. 9) Adopt Glue width motorized dividing to match the paper width. Idle running motor for glue applicator roll to avoid glue dry. Adjustment for gap between glue roller and doctor roller by electric . Digital read out for the gap between glue roll and doctor roll. Glue unit can be moved by pneumatic. 10) Flute rollers and pressure roller controlled by hydraulic system, working pressure stable. 11) With water spray device for adjust moisture capacity of flute paper. 12) This dual flute machine suit for single facer paperboard production line ---2 layer (Single facer paperboard ) and corrugated paperboard production line--- 3 & 5 &7 layer. With high market competitive power.
MJT model 3-Layer Corrugated Paperboard production Line Introduction Corrugated cardboard production line includes mill roll stand, single facer, pre-heater, conveyer bridge, gluing machine, slitter scorer machine, cut off machine and stacker. We can produce the three ply, five ply and seven ply corrugated cardboard production line, Widths from 1400 to 2500mm\min,production speeds from 60 to 250 meters/min Customer's can choose according his own needs. We can provide a complete production line and can also provide individual parts to complete customer's own line. Equipments List Equipments Name MJT-60-1600 Economical MJT-80-1600 Standard MJT-100-1600 High-speed Mechanical Roll Stand (include the paper roll rail.) 2 2 Hydraulic Roll Stand (include the paper roll rail.) 3 Pre-heater (diameter 400mm)(Up) 1 2 Pre-heater (diameter 600mm)(Ground) 2 Vacuum Single Facer (Roll 280), gimbal drive 1 1 Vacuum Single Facer (Roll 320), gimbal drive 1 Transport Bridge (Electrical adjust the precision, vacuum tighten and loosen.) 1 1 Heavy model transport bridge (Electrical adjust the precision, vacuum tighten and loosen.) 1 Double preheater (diameter 400mm) 1 1 Double preheater (diameter 600mm) 1 Double Gluer - A 1 1 Double Gluer - B 1 Double baker (600mm X9heat plates, 4.5meter cooling part.) 1 Double baker (600mm X11heat plates, 5meter cooling part.) 1 Double baker (600mm X14heat plates, 6meter cooling part.) 1 Thin Blade (Simple electrical adjust.) 1 High-Speed Thin Blade(Electrical up and down, electrical adjust the precision.) 1 1 Mechanical Cutter 1 NC Cutter (Servo, straight knife.) 1 1 Conveyor and Stacker 1 Paperboard booking machine 1 Glue system 1 1 1 Steam system (not include the boiler and pipes.) 1 1 1
MJSD-2 Paperboard Cutter Machine (Light model) Introduction MJSD-2 Series Rotary Die-Cutting Machine (Light model) is used for the transverse and vertical cutting of the paperboard as customer¡¯s requirement. The machine use chain model drive, have big turning moment. The machine has reasonable structure, the cutting precision is high and adjust is fast. The machine is electromagnetism speed adjust, continuous feeding, mechanical control, it can work together with the single facer machine as single facer line for producing the 2-layer corrugated paperboard. The knives quantity can be required by the customer. Transversely cut 400-2400mm. Technological Parameters Model MJSD-2-1700 MJSD-2-2000 Max. Cutting width. 1700mm 2000mm Cutting length 200-2000mm 200-2000mm Cutting times 20-120times/min 20-120times/min Cutting thickness 2mm 2mm Power 3kw 3kw Working Speed 0-70m/min 0-70m/min Machine Size 2250*1400*1300mm 2750*1400*1300mm Weight About 1500kg About 1700kg
MJKC-1 Series Paperboard Cutting, Pressing Line, Slotting & Cutting corner Machine Introduction MJKC-1 Series Paperboard Cutting, Pressing Line, Slotting & Cutting corner Machine is and integrated machine used for the cutting, slotting, pressing line and corner cutting of corrugated paperboard. Its special characteristics are high production efficiency, good quality and easy operation. (We can also add the function of holing and carton window on this machine.) Technological Parameters Model Max. Paperboard size (mm) Min. Paperboard size (mm) Slotting Depth (mm) Work Speed (m/min) MJKC-1-1800 1750¡Á1470 650¡Á350 500 0-80 MJKC-1-2000 1950¡Á1470 650¡Á350 500 0-80 MJKC-1-2200 2150¡Á1470 650¡Á350 650 0-80 MJKC-1-2400 2350¡Á1470 650¡Á350 650 0-80 MJKC-1-2600 2550¡Á1470 650¡Á350 650 0-80
MJTJ-3-750, 930, 1040, 1100, 1200 Hot Stamping and Cutting Machine The series of model TYMB gilding, cutting & mark pressurized machine is product of new generation with clockwork precision and marked effect. It is used for gilding-printing all kinds of colored electro-chemical aluminum, marking a concave-convex die-cutting pictures, trade mark, advertisement of sample, boxes, cover of books and new year card, highly decorations and printing materials. It is the optimum equipment for printing, packing, decoration and plastic industries with materials including paper, cardboard, plastic, leather matters. Characteristics It adopts high quality material and high tension of casting It adopts four-shaft bevel wheel structure with steady operation, great cutting, low noise. Sound and layout of its height, great angle of frame. Electrical system is designed according to IEC standard. It has three functions for single slitting, successive slitting, time delay. Its can be adjusted. Safety protection system is reliable. Concentrated lubricating system. Main Specification Model Max.Platen Working Area Max.Gilding Printing Area Skip Order Range Working Pressure Foil-delivered Length Foil-delivered Group Working Speed Main Motor Overall Power Overall Dimensions Total Weight TYMB750 750*520mm 740*510mm Built-in Processing With Computer 100T 500mm 2groups 1380Time/h 2.2kw 10kw 2150*1400*1900mm 2500kg TYMB930 930*670mm 920*660mm Built-in Processing With Computer 170T 640mm 3groups 1320Time/h 4kw 13kw 2200*2000*1950mm 3500kg TYMB1040 1020*700mm 1020*700mm Built-in Processing With Computer 170T 700mm 3groups 1320Time/h 4kw 13kw 2230*2100*2000mm 4500kg TYMB1100 1080*780mm 1080*780mm Built-in Processing With Computer 220T 800mm 3groups 1200Time/h 5.5kw 19kw 2250*2200*2000mm 5000kg TYMB1200 1180*800mm 1180*800mm Built-in Processing With Computer 220T 800mm 3groups.
MJRJ-5 Series Die-cutting and Creasing Machine 1600-1800 Introduction MJRJ-5 Series Die-Cutting and Creasing Machine is the special equipment for die cutting and creasing many different kind sheet shape materials. Such as hard paperboard, corrugated paperboard, plastic, leather and so on. It is widely used in printing, packing and decorating industry. Our companie¡¯s product with its high-quality and competitive price are popular by our customers all over the world. Characteristics 1. Sliding bearings are made of high quality alloy cooper, thus to get effect of anti-friction and shake reducing. 2. Flywheel is with big moment of force and large pressure. 3. High strength due to one piece casting by using top-ranking material for machine body. 4. Single plate electromagnetic clutch is sensitive and reliable. 5. Have functions of single cutting and creasing, continuous cutting and creasing and time-lapse opening, time-lapse range is adjustable. 6. Operation height is reasonable designed, the opening corner of the moving-bed is big. 7. Focus lubrication system makes the machine can lubricate very well, and reduce the abrasion. 8. Safety system is reliable. Technological Parameters Model MJRJ-5-1600 MJRJ-5-1800 Max. die-cutting and creasing area 1600*1250mm 1800*1400mm Working speed 16¡À2 strokes/min 16¡À2 strokes /min Max. Rule length
We are one of the manufacture of customer build components in Coimbatore India. Already we supply some drawing items to you.We provide range of machined components and steel casting used by the customer based on their drawing or sample. We have experience with paper and pulp mill, sugar and distillery, sulfuric and paspuric acid plant at india. We are specialist in rotary joint, process pump spares, chemical pump, mechanical seal , valves, dryer rollers, split type bearing block, conveyer, gear wheels, shaft, sleeve, screen basket, filters, o ring , v ring, wounded gaskets and all drawing based components.
Carton paper box sample cutting machine can cut corrugated paper, paperboard, etc. It's a efficient helper for box and carton manufacturer in sample making and short run production of pacakging carton paper box, corrugated paper display holder, etc. Many cutting sizes of packaging corrugated box sample cutting machine are available at request. Functions of packaging corrugated box sample cutting machine: 1. It can cut many different materials (such as corrugated paper, card paper, offset paper, grey board, compound materials, gasket, leather and textile) 2. It can fold corrugated paper, card paper and offset board into perfect folding line. 3. It can half cut, whole cut, crease and dotted line. 4. Using laser lamp improve location precision 5. Using for sample maker or small batch of production.
