Solar radiation sensor that is applied in general observations. pyranometer measures the solar radiation received by a plane surface from a 180 field of view angle. This quantity, expressed in W/m2, is called hemispherical solar radiation. The solar radiation spectrum extends roughly from 285 to 3000 x 10-9 m. By definition a pyranometer should cover that spectral range with a spectral selectivity that is as flat as possible.
Virtual make Bridge Outfit - Measuring Crane is manufactured as per IS 6064-1971. This equipment is useful for lowering and lifting heavy instruments like-current meter with fish weight for measuring stream velocity and obtaining sediment studies from the road bridge sites or from boat amid the rivers. The crane is easy to operate & maintain. It is made of aluminum structure. The rear assembly is adjustable in a vertical direction so that the platform surface will remain parallel with the road surface when operated on sidewalks.
Flowmeter developed for use under various challenging field conditions. Its different impellers measure almost any fluid, liquid or gaseous medium. Fluid measurements can be taken in knots, km/h, mph, and m/s. The meter also takes temperature measurements in either �°F or �°C, including minimum and maximum temperature and current temperature. Also included is a wind speed impeller which allows you to take air velocity and wind chill measurements. To take flow measurements from a bridge or other elevated location, use the optional flow sensor with 15 meter cable (sold separately). Kit includes the display, 1.2m aluminum telescoping rod with 2m cable, a 60mm water impeller, 20mm air impeller and carrying case.
The SEN-Baro1 barometric pressure sensors combine a wide pressure measurement range, wide operating temperature range, high accuracy, low power use, and low cost into a small, rugged package. These sensors are ideal for continuous barometric pressure measurement on weather stations and providing routine pressure measurements for correction of sensor outputs that are sensitive to barometric pressure fluctuations
Continuous and contact-free snow depth measurement. Reliable sensor for extreme conditions, Robust sealed ceramic membrane. Correct measurement during snowfall and snow drift. Protective shield against ice and snow hangings. High measuring accuracy. Integrated temperature compensation. Energy-saving sensor operation. Standby between the measuring phases. Simple sensor integration. Analogue and digital interface
This Soil Moisture sensor is a FDR (frequency domain reflectometry) based sensor that is used to measure Soil volumetric water content (VWC) and temperature. The sensor consists of highly corrosion resistant electrodes. This sensor is designed to be used for portable as well permanent installations placed in the soil.
The SEN-WLR is a Water Level sensor (Radar Type) used to monitor the water level of Ground / Surface water, dams, lakes, pools, aquatic ponds. This sensor can be connected to data-logger, controller or to some display by means of electronic interface. These sensors are designed by Vega. Measurement ranges for Liquid: 10 & 20 meters. This sensor is used for continuous level measurement of liquids or bulk solids. Typical applications are the measurement of liquids in storage tanks or open basins. The sensor is also suitable for the detection of bulk solids in small vessels or open containers. The non-contact measuring principle is independent of product features and allows a setup without medium.
The Model SEN-WS, 3-Cup Anemometer is a traditional type, sensitive sensor for horizontal wind speed measurement.
This is a low-cost anemometer, which utilises proven ultrasonic technology to provide wind speed and direction data via one serial or two analogue outputs. To confirm correct operation, outputs are transmitted together with an instrument status code. With a robust, corrosion-free polycarbonate housing, this small, lightweight wind sensor is recommended for use in harsh environmental conditions and is particularly suited to marine & offshore (ships, data buoys) and land based installations. The WindSon has no moving parts, offering maintenance-free operation in a wide range of applications.
The SEN-EP is a Evaporation measurement sensor used to monitor the water evaporation from Surface water, dams, lakes, pools, aquatic ponds in simulation of open PAN Evaporation measurement. Pressure Sensor with integral cable contains a vent tube for Barometric pressure compensation. Comes with 30 to 300mm range.
Soil Tension sensor is a solid state electrical resistance sensing device that is used to measure soil water tension. As the tension changes with water content the resistance changes as well. That resistance can be measured using the soil Sensor. The sensor consists of a pair of highly corrosion resistant electrodes that are embedded within a granular matrix. A current is applied to the Sensor to obtain a resistance value. This sensor is designed to be a permanent sensor, placed in the soil to be monitored and â??read as often as necessary with a portable or stationary device. Internally installed gypsum provides some buffering for the effect of salinity levels normally found in irrigated agricultural crops and landscapes.
MiniOFS is designed by Dr. Sten L�¶fving is used to make direct measurements of visual range. The sensor is sensitive for particles in a zone about 25 cm ahead of the location of the sensor who limit the visibility in the air. These particles are normally the microscopic water particles constituting fog, but they may also be snowflakes, raindrops or air pollutants. But the most indications of low visibility are because of fog or snow. The MiniOFS is probably the cheapest visibility sensor on the market. It is well known that fog causes many accidents in road traffic and elsewhere. You can read about how MiniOFS can reduce serial collisions in fog.
This sensor is used to detect the presence of surface moisture on foliage and calculate the duration of wetness. When moisture is present, the sensor detects an electrical resistance change between the gold-plated elements of the grid. This is displayed by the logger as a value between 0 (dry) and 15 (wet). Sensor Output: Resistance varies from above 3,000,000 ohms when dry to around 1,000 ohms when wet Sensor Range: 0 to 100% of the dew range, frost and freezing conditions will not harm the sensor Response Time: 0 to 100% relative dew within six minutes Output: voltage output (Analog)
The PWSMini is designed by Dr. Sten L�¶fving is a spin off from our MiniOFS sensor and it is probably the cheapest Present Weather Sensor on the market. And it is very compact - the width is only 68 mm. This little sensor measures 3 important weather parameters. (1) Visibility (2) Rain - the response is fast compared to that from a tipping bucket. The threshold is also lower. (3) Snow - same as for rain - note that a simple tipping bucket sensor does not detect snow in many cases. Besides that two other weather parameters are measured and displayed: Ambient light - the resolution and accuracy is not as good as for special sensors like solarimeters but the information is useful for giving answers to questions like telling if it is cloudy or not or of course if night or day. Temperature - the temp. sensor is located inside the sensor body and the accuracy is therefore not better than about 2 deg C. (But this is in some cases good enough - trends can be seen etc.)
Pollution & Gases Measurement Sensor This is a multi-in-one air quality module sensor. It can accurately measure the concentration of various gases in the air. Raised dust, as one of the main sources of airborne particles, contributes 40% proportion of PM10 composition. It is a remarkable pollution which is very harmful risk for human beings. Accurate monitoring for raised dust outdoor then become necessary to provide the basis for efficient control, which is a basis to mitigate the pollutions
Rainfall Sensor Tipping SEN Rain Bucket Type
This tipping bucket rain gauge is a dependable instrument used for measuring precipitation. Rainfall that enters the 200 mm funnel collector is directed to the tipping bucket assembly. When an incremental amount of precipitation has been collected 0.2 / 0.5 mm the bucket assembly tips and activates a magnetic reed switch. The sample is discharged through the bas of the gauge. a momentary electrical contact is provided for each increment of rainfall. The contact closure is used to operate a data acquisition system. A heating kit has been added at extra cost to the rain gauge to provide capability for measuring snowfall. This rainfall sensor can be easily use with any pulse counter, Data logger / event logger which can use pulse input.
This is a normal incidence direct solar irradiance sensor (also known as a pyrheliometer). Suitable for tracker mounted operation is intended for short-wave direct solar irradiance measurement of the sun. The sensor ideally suited for normal incidence direct solar irradiance measurement. Capable of measuring up to 2000 W/m2, the pyrheliometer can be deployed anywhere on earth.
The SEN-SR-SS is a Sunshine sensor with a TTL (High / Low) output and exhibits excellent cosine response. It incorporates a silicon-cell photodiode that measures solar radiation. With a sensor housing design that features a fully potted, domed-shaped head making the sensor fully weatherproof and self-cleaning.
The Model SEN-WD is the electronic wind vane represents the latest technology in wind sensing: a balanced wind direction vane with a near-zero friction bearing and a high accuracy magnetic angle sensor to provide precision wind direction. Unique locking feature allows you to easily set "North" regardless of mounting orientation.
Microwave technology measures the water velocity and water level, according to the built-in soft Piece model and algorithm, convert the flow and cumulative flow of the cross-section. Use 24GHz and 60GHz microwaves for flow rate and water Position measurement, the measurement result is not affected by ambient temperature, air pressure, water The influence of surface water vapor, water pollutants and sediments; its sudden It is characterized by small size and low power consumption, especially suitable for solar energy Power supply and battery pack power supply and other applications with demanding power consumption requirements occasion.
The SEN-VH-WLPNV is a Water Level measurement with Water Temperature sensor used to monitor the water level / temperature of Ground / Surface water, dams, lakes, pools, aquatic ponds. The sensing device is potted in a stainless steel probe and coated with a sealant to withstand outdoor moisture. It is designed specifically to monitor water level/temperature. This sensor can be connected to data-logger, controller or to some display by means of electronic interface.
The SEN-WLP is a Water Level measurement ( optional with Water Temperature) sensor used to monitor the water level / temperature of Ground / Surface water, dams, lakes, pools, aquatic ponds. The sensing device is potted in a stainless steel probe and coated with a sealant to withstand outdoor moisture. It is designed specifically to monitor water level/temperature. This sensor can be connected to data-logger, controller or to some display by means of electronic interface.
â??Virtualâ?? make Handheld Pyranometer (Solar Radiation Recorder) reflect state of the art in micro controller based instrumentation design. The Pyranometer sensor can be attached with this handheld terminal for the collection of real time data Manually/automatically (user selectable). The terminal has its internal memory along with, a real time clock with an LCD (16 X 2) to display the instrument status. It is a self-contained power source system, fitted with 2XAA Alkaline type batteries with battery level display, complete with sensor mounted on a levelling Base Plate. Sensor powered directly from Handheld terminal and no need of external power source. 4 x 2 keypad is provided for programming data logger and monitoring sensor reading at site without the help of computer. Can store up-to 9 different sites data with Site ID. USB port is provided for data downloading from terminal to Computer/Laptop. Data file is saved in Microsoftâ??s Excel Format.
In his instrument Two pyranometer sensors (Shortwave / Global Radiation (Choose Any one)) one upward and one downward will be attached with this handheld terminal for the collection of real time data Manually/automatically (user selectable). The terminal has its internal memory along with, a real time cloc k with an LCD (16 X 2) to display the instrument status. It is a self- contained power source system, fitted with 2XAA Alkaline type batteries with battery level display, complete with sensor .
â??Virtualâ?? make Automatic Water Level Recorder (Radar type) reflect state of the art in micro controller based instrumentation design. The Radar Level sensor can be attached with this IP65 data logger for the collection of real time data automatically. It comes with facility to transport Data from Data Logger to a P.C. through various modes (As per Customer requirement). 16x2 LCD alphanumeric display and 4x2 membrane keypad is provided at front panel of data logger for programming data logger and monitoring sensor reading at site without the help of computer. Comes with different ranges for Liquid: 8, 15, 35, 70 & 120 meters. Data file is saved in Microsoft's Excel. This instrument is used for continuous level measurement of liquids or bulk solids. Typical applications are the measurement of liquids in storage tanks or open basins.
Accurate within �± 1.5 kPa across a pressure range of 15 to 115 kPa (4.43 to 34.96 in Hg). Long-term non-stability has been measured continuously indoors and in natural conditions (with sensors mounted inside a datalogger enclosure) for multiple sensors and is less than 0.5 % per year. Temperature effects on signal are less than 1 % across a wide temperature range (-20 to 50 C).
Accurate within �± 1.5 kPa across a pressure range of 15to 115 kPa (4.43 to 34.96 in Hg). Long-term non-stability has been measured continuously indoors and in natural conditions (with sensors mounted inside a data logger enclosure) for multiple sensors and is less than 0.1 % per year. Temperature effects on signal are less than 0.1 %per C across a wide temperature range (-40 to 100 C).
The new Apogee ePAR (extended photosynthetically active radiation) sensor was created to measure the wider 400-750 nm radiation range that cutting-edge research is showing to be photosynthetically active, beyond the traditional 400-700 nm range defined by McCree. Most of this transformative work to refine and define the ePAR range is being conducted by Dr. Shuyang Zhen and Dr. Bruce Bugbee at Utah State University.
USB quantum sensor with an improved spectral response providing research grade measurements under all light sources, including LEDs
USB quantum sensor can be connected directly to a computer for real time measurements and data logging, or act as a stand-alone datalogger when connected to most standard 5 V DC USB power sources
Sensors have an internal thermistor fully sealed for temperature monitoring. Sensors are housed in a polypropylene body for long-term use underground. Two head options include a diffusion head for field use and a flow-through head for laboratory use.
Spectral response estimate of Apogee SU-100 UV sensors. Spectral response measurements were made at 10 nm increments across a wavelength range of 200 to 450 nm in a monochromator with an attached electric light source. Measured spectral data were normalized at 350 nm.
UV-A radiation is important in material sciences and has numerous photo-biological functions that are both harmful and beneficial. Apogees new UV-A radiometers offer a low-cost option for continuously measuring UV-A radiation in outdoor environments, laboratory settings, and monitoring the filtering ability and stability of various materials.
Apogee Instruments Quantum Sensors are the tool of choice for researchers and agricultural professionals measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) all over the world. Apogee offers two types of quantum sensors: a Full-spectrum Quantum (previously gold) and Original Quantum Sensor. Consult our spectral response graph to decide which model is right for your application.
Apogee Instruments Quantum Sensors are the tool of choice for researchers and agricultural professionals measuring photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) all over the world. Apogee offers two types of quantum sensors: a Full-spectrum Quantum (previously gold) and Original Quantum Sensor. Consult our spectral response graph to decide which model is right for your application.
Apogee Instruments PAR meters are the tool of choice for cost-effective, scientific-grade measurement of underwater PAR levels. Accurate tank PAR mapping, daily light integral measurements, and the adjusting of photosynthetic radiation levels to mimic nature are all critical to specimen health. Apogee offers three different underwater calibrated meters at three different price points. The basic MQ-210X features our original X detector that is excellent for broadband light sources. The research-grade MQ-510 features an improved detector excellent for all light sources, including LEDs, and matches LI-COR and Kipp & Zonen PAR sensors in accuracy while costing much less. The cutting-edge MQ-650 measures the newly confirmed far-red extended (ePAR) photosynthetic wavelengths (400-750 nm).
Housed in a polypropylene body and electronics are fully potted, ideal for long-term deployment in porous media, including acidic environments (mine tailings). Two head options are available: a diffusion head that creates a small air pocket for measurement in porous media and a flow-through head with two adapters for tubing that allows measurement of gas flowing in lines.
Sensors are available with multiple detectors mounted along the length of a rugged anodized aluminum bar, which provide spatially averaged PPFD measurements along the length of the bar.
This temperature sensor used to monitor the temperature of Ground/Surface water, lakes, pools, aquatic ponds, Soil, Ice, Road Temperature. The temperature sensing device is potted in a stainless steel probe mounted in a plastic enclosure and are coated with a sealant to withstand outdoor moisture. It is designed specifically to monitor temperature. This sensor can be connected to data-logger, controller or to some display by means of electronic interface. If the temperature gets too high or low, the controller can then take the appropriate programmed action. The temperature can also be displayed on the console, in PC Access etc.
The sensor SEN-TH integrate sensor elements plus signal processing in compact format and provide a fully calibrated digital output. A unique capacitive sensor element is used for measuring relative humidity while temperature is measured by a band-gap sensor. The applied CMOSens�® technology guarantees excellent reliability and long term stability. Both sensors are seamlessly coupled to a 14bit analog to digital converter and a serial interface circuit. This results in superior signal quality, a fast response time and insensitivity to external disturbances (EMC).
The Virtual make Stevenson Screen, manufactured as per IS: 5948:1970, are standard shelter (from rain, snow and high winds, but also leaves and animals) for meteorological instruments, particularly Max., Min., wet and dry bulb thermometers used to record humidity and air temperature. It is kept 1.2m above the ground by legs / Concrete Pillars to avoid strong temperature gradients at ground level, has louvred sides to encourage the free passage of air, and is painted white to reflect heat radiation, since what is measured is the temperature of the air in the shade, not of the sunshine. Walls and floor of white-painted wood provide screening, and extensive louvres maintain adequate ventilation on all but the stillest days.
The Virtual make Non recoding Rain Gauges are manufactured as per IS:5225:1969. Rain Gauge is manufactured from non corrosive fiber glass reinforced plastic container. It consists of collector assembled with brass Ring. Funnel, Locking Rings and Base. The Rain Gauge is supplied with 4 liter bottle and a Plastic measuring cylinder. Rain Gauges are available in 200cm�² collection area. The essential parts of an ordinary rain gauge are a funnel through which the rain water is collected in a receiver and a measuring cylinder rain measure with which the rain water collected is measured. The correct type of rain measure suitable to the type of rain gauge in use has to be used for the measurement of rainfall. The rain measure is graduated for every 0.2 mm of rainfall. This instrument is also available with IMD Pune, certification at extra cost.
The Virtual make Self recording Rain Gauges are manufactured as per IS:5225 :1969. Rain Gauge is manufactured from non corrosive fiber glass reinforced container. Recording rain gauges are used to obtain a continuous record of daily or weekly rainfall. It consists of a funnel-shaped collector at the top of the gauge and a float syphon chamber and recording mechanism just below it. the rain water collected by the collector is led into the float chamber. The float is having a central stud on which a pen assembly is fixed. The pen is moving over a daily chart wound over a clock drum.
This data logger (Model: Rainlog) connects to most standard tipping-bucket rain gauges and records rainfall rates, times, and duration as well as momentary contact events and temperature. Because event data is stored when it happens, memory is efficiently used. Data can be viewed in inches or millimeters. Tips are logged with time-stamps to gauge rainfall intensity, and the lockout feature eliminates false readings from tipping-bucket bounce. One year capacity both logger and battery supply. One minute time/date stamp resolution. Flash memory. USB connectivity. Windows software included.
This is a Alter style snow gauge as per IS 6806-1973 for use with a precipitation gauge to improve the catch of the snow. Snow is an important component of the hydrological cycle in mountainous and polar areas, and also in mid-latitude countries. The Important parameters for hydrological purposes are snow depth, density and snow water equivalent. This Snow gauge is used to measure Snow Water Equivalent. This System comes with one Snow Gauge, one sample collection bottle and one measuring Jar.
Virtual make Automatic Snow Gauge Station is a fully digital and self-contained power source system, fitted with Data Logger and battery charging solar panel with rechargeable, maintenance free batteries complete with sensors mounted on a tripod stand with sealed waterproof enclosure for Data Logger, Solar charger and battery. All Sensors powered directly from Data Logger and no need of external power source (until specified). Standard System comes with facility to transport Data from Data Logger to a P.C. through a pocket able data shuttle. 16x2 alphanumeric display and 4x2 membrane keypad is provided at front panel of data logger for programming data logger and monitoring sensor reading at site without the help of computer.
The staff gauge is used for a quick visual indication of the surface level in reservoirs, rivers, streams, irrigation channels, weirs and flumes, and wherever accuracy and readability are important. These environmentally rugged gauges are finished with a special lacquer to insure easy reading and resist rust or discoloration. They virtually never need replacement under normal conditions. Each gauge is accurately graduated and has grommeted holes for easy fastening to walls, piers, poles and other structures.
A tide gauge is a device for measuring sea level and useful for detecting tsunamis. Sensors continuously record the height of the water level with respect to a height reference surface close to the geoid. Water enters the device by the bottom pipe and Hydrostatic Submersible pressure type level sensors measure its height and record it in to the Data logger memory with date and time stamp. Tide gauges are used to measure tides and quantify the size of tsunamis. The measurements make it possible to derive the mean sea level.
The AM-250 angled commercial-grade infrared radiometer mounting bracket is designed to mount an Apogee Instruments commercial-grade infrared radiometer (SIL series) and those with the newer solar shield design to a mast or pipe with an outer diameter of 1.3 to 2.1. The bracket is designed to orient the sensors at varying angles to satisfy all applications.
The AM-400 adjustable angle mounting bracket is designed to mount Apogee Instruments downward-facing sensors at different angles when mounted to a vertical or horizontal mast or pipe. This bracket can also be used to mount upward facing sensors in plane-of-array configurations
The AL-130 Albedometer Bracket is designed to accommodate the SP-510 upward-looking thermopile pyranometer and the SP-610 downward-looking pyranometer to create an albedometer. It can also be used to mount other upward and downward facing sensors, such as our pyrgeometers. The AL-130 bracket is designed to be mounted to a mast or pipe with a 1.3 to 2.1 outer diameter and has an integrated bubble level to make leveling simple and accurate for proper sensor installation.
The AS-013 angled field spec mounting bracket facilitates angled mounting of Apogee Instruments field spectroradiometers model SS-110 and SS-120 to a mast or pipe. The bracket is designed to orient the spec at varying angles to satisfy all applications.
Smart Irrigation System
Soil Permeability Apparatus comes with glass tubes of 75mm, bore tube is provided with overflow arrangement for constant head tests. The remaining tubes are used for falling head test. STANDARD: IS 2720 (PART-XV), IS:12287, BS:1377, ASTM D2435 Soil Permeability Test Apparatus is a property of soil that permits the flow of water through its interconnecting voids. Permeability is an important engineering property that governs the rate of settlement of saturated compressible soil layers and the rate of flow of aquifer. Permeability is taken into account for pumping groundwater, spacing well points for de-watering foundation sites for excavation, retention of water in reservoirs, design of dams, and selection of soils to be used for various zones of embankments of dams and reservoirs. The coefficient of permeability can be computed from the effective diameter of particles, porosity, specific surface, and from consolidation test results.
Virtual make Automatic Weather Station is a fully computerized, digital and self contained power source system, fitted with Data Logger and battery charging solar panel with rechargeable, maintenance free batteries complete with sensors mounted on a tripod stand with sealed waterproof IP65 enclosure for Data Logger, Solar charger and battery
Evaporimeter, instrument that measures the rate of evaporation of water into the atmosphere, sometimes called an atmometer. Evaporation rates are so sensitive to the water supply, and the nature of the evaporating surface, data collected by Evaporimeter often do not reflect true evaporation processes; hence, Evaporimeter have limited use. The measurement of water evaporation is important in agricultural, hydro-meteorological studies, in the design and operation of reservoirs, and in irrigation and drainage systems. The rate of evaporation is defined as the amount of water lost by evaporation from a unit area of surface in unit time. For a given area this is proportional to the depth of liquid water lost in a day from the whole area and evaporation is usually expressed in this way. This Open Pan Evaporimeter is manufactured as per IS: 5973:1970. The Pan is manufactured from painted GI sheet/ Copper tested for water leak proofness. The stilling well and thermometer clamps.
Virtual make Digital Evaporation Recorder is a fully computerized, digital and self-contained power source system, fitted with Data Logger and battery charging solar panel with rechargeable, maintenance free batteries complete with sensors mounted on a tripod stand with sealed waterproof enclosure for Data Logger, Solar charger and battery. All Sensors powered directly from Data Logger and no need of external power source (until specified). Standard System comes with facility to transport Data from Data Logger to a P.C. through a pocket able data shuttle. 16x2 alphanumeric display and 4x2 membrane keypad is provided at front panel of data logger for programming data logger and monitoring sensor reading at site without the help of computer. This system Comes with Auto Water Filling Option in PAN at extra cost
Virtual make Automatic Leaf Wetness Recorder is a fully computerized, digital and self contained power source system, fitted with IP65 Data Logger and battery charging solar panel with rechargeable, maintenance free batteries complete with sensors mounted on a tripod stand with sealed waterproof enclosure for Data Logger, Solar charger and battery.
Early warning systems are an important component of disaster risk management strategies. In contrast to flood forecasting systems, which assess flood risk, the main purpose of early warning systems is to issue warnings when a flood is occurring. It uses a radar Level sensor for water level measurement in River and Rainfall Sensor as a base input parameter. This system has capability to incorporate Radar Velocity Sensor (Optionally at extra cost) for discharge measurement using discharge data to executive remote alarm.
For routine observations of air temperature, including maximum, minimum and wet-bulb liquid-in-glass thermometers are commonly used. Such thermometers make use of the differential expansion of a pure liquid with respect to its glass container to indicate the temperature. The stem is a tube having a fine bore attached to the main bulb: The volume of liquid in the thermometer is such that the bulb is filled completely but the stem is only partially filled at all temperatures to be measured. The changes in volume of the liquid with respect to its container are indicated by changes in the length of liquid in the stem; by calibration with respect to a standard thermometer, a scale of temperature can be marked on the stem, or on a separate scale tightly attached to the stem.
The SEN-SR-SW is a self-powered sensor with a millivolt output and exhibits excellent cosine response. It incorporate a silicon-cell photodiode that measures total shortwave radiation with a sensor housing design that features a fully potted, domed-shaped head making the sensor fully weatherproof and self-cleaning. Total shortwave radiation is an important component in determining evapo-transipration rates, energy balance, net radiation as well as monitoring solar power panels.
Virtual make Solar Radiation Recorder reflect state of the art in micro controller-based instrumentation design. The Global Solar Radiation Pyranometer sensor can be attached with this data logger for the collection of real time data automat
The dual axis solar tracker (Model No.: V-SOL-2A2P) is an all-weather positioning platform used to point specialized instruments/sensors at the sun's movement across the sky. It is fully automatic and does not require a computer or software installation to control the tracking of Sun movement. The integrated GPS receiver automatically configures location and time data. An RS-232 port allows for software upgrades. The high- efficiency gear drive system requires no maintenance. The tough and distinctive cast aluminum housing has an integrated tripod stand with leveling feet. A side plate with mountings for a pyrheliometer is included as standard and a second side mounted plate can be fitted for an additional pyrheliometer.
The AL-120 solar mounting bracket is designed to mount Apogee Instruments solar sensors toa mast or pipe with an outer diameter of 1.3 -2.1. The bracket has an integrated bubble-level to make leveling simple and accurate for proper sensor installation.
Cloud cover (also known as cloudiness, cloudage, or cloud amount) refers to the fraction of the sky obscured by clouds when observed from a particular location. This CCF sensor is for measurement of the Cloud Cover Factor. This innovation of Dr. Sten Lofveng makes it possible to get automatic observations of the Cloud Cover Factor, CCF 24 hours a day i.e. the fraction of the sky that is covered with clouds. It consists of a day time unit that observes the sky in 4 directions in parts of the solar spectrum, a night time unit that observes the sky in the thermal infra-red spectrum. A microcomputer evaluates the signals and controls the output.
Virtual make tensiometer measures the force with which water is held in the soil by the soil particles. Scheduling irrigation based on how hard plant roots are working to draw water from the soil. This force, referred to as soil suction, tension, or potential, indicates how tightly the water is bound in the soil, and how much energy must be exerted by plant roots to remove and use the water. The basic components of a tensiometer include a porous ceramic cup, a plastic body tube, and a vacuum gauge. The ceramic cup is placed in good hydraulic contact with the soil and allows transfer of water into and out of the tensiometer body according to the tension in the soil. The vacuum inside the tensiometer body equilibrates with the soil water tension, and the dial gauge provides a direct readout of the tension.
The suction lysimeter is a cylindrical device consisting of a porous ceramic cup (to withdraw soil pore water using a vacuum); a body tube to act as a reservoir; and a simple stopper assembly with a single hole for pulling a vacuum and retrieving the sample.
The double ring Infiltrometer is a simple instrument which is used to determine the infiltration rate of water into the soil. The infiltration rate is determinate as the amount of water per surface area and time unit, which penetrates the soils. This rate can be calculated on the basis of the measurements and the DARCY's law. Several measurements can be executed simultaneously, yielding a very reliable and accurate mean result. As vertically infiltrated water runs away to the side. The outer ring of the Infiltrometer serves as a separation. The measurement exclusively takes place in the inner ring through which the water runs virtually vertically. The instrument consists of two rings, driving plate, for inner and outer rings. The two rings are driven into the ground and partially filled with water. The double ring design helps prevent divergent flow in layered soils. The outer ring acts as a barrier to encourage only vertical flow from the inner ring.
The Digital Infiltrometer is a simple instrument which is used to determine the infiltration rate of water into the soil. This Digital Infiltrometer is simple to operate and easy to use! Determine infiltration rate in as little as fifteen minutes. Now, a field instrument to measure the rate of water infiltration on all areas. This instrument determines the downward flow of water through the turf and soil.
The Virtual make Digital Soil Moisture Meter, used with the Soil Moisture Sensor and Soil Temperature Sensors (Optional), make up a valuable system to monitor the soil moisture & temperature available in your soil. You can use as many sensors as you like at representative sites. Then, using the Digital Soil Moisture Meter you can read each sensor individually as frequently as necessary. The importance of water to plant growth is well known.
Virtualâ?? make Soil Moisture Temperature Recorder offers professional Soil monitoring and good value for money. The standard Soil Moisture Temperature Recorder consists of a weatherproof enclosure, which contains the data logger and power supply, and comes complete with a solar panel, tripod stand and Soil Moisture Sensors (Watermark) & Temperature sensor. Measure every major environmental condition with this powerful sensors & Data logger. Measurements can automatically store in systems memory as per user selectable logging period. Comes with integral solar panel, which will easily keep the batteries charged throughout the year. A durable hard enclosure protects the data logger from weathering. User-replaceable SMF batteries. Data file is saved in Microsoft's Excel.
Virtualâ?? make Soil Moisture, Temperature & EC Recorder offers professional Soil monitoring and good value for money. The standard Soil Moisture Temperature Recorder consists of a weatherproof enclosure, which contains the data logger and power supply, and comes complete with a solar panel, tripod stand and Sensor. Measure every major environmental condition with this powerful sensors & Data logger. Measurements can automatically store in systems memory as per user selectable logging period. Comes with integral solar panel, which will easily keep the batteries charged throughout the year. A durable hard enclosure protects the data logger from weathering. User-replaceable SMF batteries. Data file is saved in Microsoft's Excel.
Digital Soil Moisture, Temperature and Salinity Meter
FieldScout TDR 350 Soil Moisture Meter
This is a research grade normal incidence direct solar irradiance sensor (also known as a pyrheliometer). Suitable for tracker mounted operation is intended for short-wave direct solar irradiance measurement of the sun. This is a First Class compliant pyrheliometer, as per the latest ISO and WMO standards.
Double Digit, Full LCD with Backlight, No Moving Part Protection: IP64, Battery Level Status Programmable Revolutions or Averaging Time. Measurement completion status (Blinking screen reading) Portable, hand-held easy to use. User Friendly Menu driven programmable functions. Max Revolution: 999, Max Time Count (Sec): 999 Battery Life: 400 Hrs on 3 x AA Zinc Carbon Battery & 16 Hrs on 3 x AA Zinc Carbon (with Backlight)
The Virtual Make Water Velocity Logger Model: DVI-K20 is a small electronic hand-held device that can be used to measure flow velocity from mechanically rotating current meter. A superior feature of the DVI-K20 is its ability to store up-to five current meters data at a time and interface directly to a Laptop, Pocket-PC, or other computing device and provide data in MS-Excel File Format that can be used externally to compute discharge. Current Meters perform a mechanical switch closure can be used with the DVI-K20 to produce a clean, noise-free signal. To measure and compute velocity, the DVI-K20 provides flexibility to User to Program it for upto 5 Current meters calibration equation with up to 3 rating equations for each current meter. USB port is provided for data downloading from terminal to Computer/Laptop. Data file is saved in Microsoft's Excel Format.
This is a compact, Multichannel, battery-powered logger. It logs velocity data of all 8 channels simultaneously. It is useful for flow surveys, IandI studies, stormwater, irrigation water and sewage studies
This data logger (Model-Rainlog) connects to most standard tipping-bucket rain gauges and records rainfall rates, times, and duration as well as momentary contact events and temperature. Because event data is stored when it happens, memory is efficiently used. Data can be viewed in inches or millimeters. Tips are logged with time-stamps to gauge rainfall intensity, and the lockout feature eliminates false readings from tipping-bucket bounce. One year capacity both logger and battery supply. One minute time or date stamp resolution. Flash memory. USB connectivity. Windows software included.
Virtual make Digital Rainfall Recorder (Tipping Bucket Type) is a fully computerized, digital and self contained power source system, fitted with Data Logger and battery charging solar panel with rechargeable, maintenance free batteries complete with sealed waterproof enclosure for Data Logger, Solar charger and battery. It comes with facility to transport Data from Data Logger to a Computer (As per Customer requirement). 16x2 LCD alphanumeric display and 4x2 membrane keypad is provided at front panel of data logger for programming data logger and monitoring sensor reading at site without the help of computer. A tipping bucket (cup) mechanism that triggers a magnetic reed switch once every unit of rainfall. Every pulses by Tipping bucket is counted by Data Logger . Data file is saved in Microsoft's Excel
The Virtual make Sun-Shine Recorder is manufactured to a proven design and is of the type used extensively by meteorological services. Basic Main Components are bowls which are manufactured from Bronze as per IS:306:1968 and are precisely machined and assembled. The sphere bowl is made uniformed and well annealed and air bubble free glass having good surface finish. The instrument is always supplied with one year recording graph, and standard stenciled curve for comparison. The sphere, made of well-annealed colorless optical glass is securely clamped on a semi-circular metal arc by means of two bosses attached precisely across a diameter and located by an adjusting screw onto the ball ended boss. Also mounted on the arc is a bowl of spherical section machined from gunmetal.
This instrument is used for continuously recording the temperature (oc). It is available daily / weekly recording versions and used mechanical / quartz clock drum with compact construction. An aged bimetallic helical coil is used as temperature cause deflection of the coil, resulting in rotating the spindle on which the coil is mounted. The spindle carries a pan arm which records all changes in temperature with respect to time.
The Virtual make Cup Type Anemometer measures total run of wind passing at the point of observation through Mechanical Counter of the range 0 to 9999.9 km with measuring range 0 to 1200 meter per minute. The counter unit is housed in a metal box with a top cover. Incorporated in the front is a window through which the digits can be observed. The steel vertical spindle carries the cup assembly and drives the lay shaft by worm and wheel, the worm being pinned onto the spindle. The unit can be calibrated to read km/hr necessitating a change of worm and wheel configuration. The cup assembly mounts on the top of the spindle and revolves anti-clockwise viewed from above. A socket tapped 1/2" BSP female below the casing is used to mount the counter. Brass, copper, stainless steel and plastics are used throughout the instrument to ensure freedom from corrosion and a long working life.
The Virtual make Stevenson Screen, manufactured as per IS: 5948:1970, are standard shelter (from rain, snow and high winds, but also leaves and animals) for meteorological instruments, particularly Max., Min., wet and dry bulb thermometers used to record humidity and air temperature. It is kept 1.2m above the ground by legs / Concrete Pillars to avoid strong temperature gradients at ground level, has louvred sides to encourage the free passage of air, and is painted white to reflect heat radiation, since what is measured is the temperature of the air in the shade, not of the sunshine. Walls and floor of white-painted wood provide screening, and extensive louvres maintain adequate ventilation on all but the stillest days.
A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Wind energy is considered as a renewable source of energy which can be used to operate windmills and wind turbines at locations where the intensity and speed of wind energy is strong enough for them to function properly. Windmills are used at industry and household level to conserve power, whereas wind turbines are used in wind farms and wind energy industries. User need to provide wind data in a pure Excel file or tab seperated .XLS file where first row must contain header for ex. Date & Time, wind Speed, wind Direction etc and second row contains unit for those particular headers like dd/mm/yyyy hh:mm, (º), m/s etc. User can print the generated windrose and can save as image file.
Virtual make Plant Canopy Analyzer offers convenient and flexible tools for measuring and analyzing incident and transmitted Photo synthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in Crop and Forest canopies. It provides vital information about the penetration of PAR into crops and forest, and is essential in work such as comparative crop studies, for separating out the effects of cultivars and treatment. It is particularly well suited to low regular canopies (as found in many agricultural crops). It can be used in most light conditions. The first sensor probe has an array of 10 PAR sensors embedded in a 1m long probe, and is connected with Handheld Terminal. The second sensor probe also has a 1 PAR sensor embedded in a 0.5m long probe, and is connected with handheld Data logger. One PAR Sensor is also connected with data logger for reference incoming radiation. When a reading is taken, all sensors are scanned and the measurements transmitted to the data logger.
There are several methods to measure how much light is intercepted by a canopy in order to determine if water loss is from evaporation or transpiration. There's the hard & expensive way and then there's the smart way: the CTR-1. Virtual make Ceptometer offers convenient and flexible tools for measuring and analyzing incident and transmitted Photo synthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in Crop and Forest canopies. This is a a non-destructive method to easily and accurately measure Leaf Area Index (LAI). It provides vital information about the penetration of PAR into crops and forest, and is essential in work such as comparative crop studies, for separating out the effects of cultivars and treatment.
This is a non-contact flow meter for open water channels mounted above the water surface. It uses a radar velocity sensor and an ultrasonic sensor for water level measurement. The two measurements and the dimensions of the cross section profile are used to calculate the discharge from the continuity equation (velocity-area method). The modular transmitter incorporates a flow computer with all required algorithms and software to ensure accuracy and repeatability of flow measurements. Parameterization of the measurement site, data logging, visualisation and data transfer is possible by using the browser based control and management user interface, which can be run in any standard web browser via PC, notebook, tablet or smart phone, regardless of location, time and operating system. The transmitter can be mounted in a distance up to 100 m from the measuring site with the velocity and level sensors.
DischargeKeeper (Camera-based Discharge Measurement System
Camera Based Discharge Measurement System
The suspended solids Indicator (Model: IPM) is a state of the art, easy to use meter that provides many benefits to the plant operations staff. It is a unique system that combines advanced electronics with a solid-state, optical sensor. It is a multi-range indicator designed for the measurement of suspended solids in aqueous solutions. The microprocessor-based electronics of the indicator provide a high degree of flexibility and ease of use. Data logging and the ability to download the data directly to a computer are optional features.
The Suspended Solids Analyzer is a unique system that combines advanced electronics with solid-state, smart sensors. Suspended solids Analyzer that utilizes an submersible-type sensor. The design of probe eliminates the effects of fluid colour. In-situ measurements provide instantaneous accurate readings and a choice of isolated linear outputs is supplied as standard. An Insertion type sensor is also available measurement in pipe applications at extra cost. This is a complete system that will continuously monitor Suspended Solids.
Virtual Hydromet make Water Level Sounder is a reliable instrument for measuring the water level and total depth in boreholes, wells, reservoirs etc. For the measurement the bob is lowered to the water level. When touching the level, a sensor effects the illumination of a signal lamp & an additional acoustic signal will be released by a buzzer. When the probe is touching the water-level there is a conductive connection between the tip of the probe and the sensor-body. Thereby a circuit of the lamp and the buzzer will be closed.
Virtual make Ground Water Level Recorder Piezometer is reflect state of the art in micro controller based instrumentation design. The Water Level sensor can be attached with this IP65 data logger for the collection of real time data automatically. The micro controller has its internal memory along with, a real time clock with an LCD (16 X 2) to display the instrument status. Piezo-resistive silicon strain gauge, bounded to 316 SS diaphragm and integral cable contain a vent tube for Barometric pressure compensation. Comes with different ranges 10, 20, 50, 70, 100, 200, 300 meters. Data file is saved in Microsoft's Excel. This instrument is used for ground / wells water level monitoring.
Virtual make Digital Water Level Recorder (Float type) reflect state of the art in micro controller based instrumentation design. The Shaft encoder type water level sensor attached with this data logger for the collection of real time data automatically. The micro controller has its internal memory along with, a real time clock with an LCD (16 X 2) to display the instrument status. Comes with standard range 10 meters. Data file is saved in Microsoftâ??s Excel. A durable hard enclosure protects the data logger from weathering. This instrument is used for ground / wells water level monitoring. This instrument can also be used for Open channel, Dam and Lake level monitoring.
Virtual make Digital Water Level Recorder (Pressure type) reflect state of the art in micro controller based instrumentation design. The Water Level sensor can be attached with this IP65 data logger for the collection of real time data automatically. The micro controller has its internal memory along with, a real time clock with an LCD (16 X 2) to display the instrument status. Piezo-resistive silicon strain gauge, bounded to 316 SS diaphragm and integral cable contain a vent tube for Barometric pressure compensation. Comes with different ranges 10, 20, 50, 70, 100, 200, 300 meters. Data file is saved in Microsoft's Excel. This instrument is used for ground / wells water level monitoring. This instrument can also be used for Open channel, Dam and Lake level monitoring.
This is a 18 kg (aproximate) cable-suspended bed load sampler with 3" x 3" (76 mm x 76 mm) opening and 1.4 expansion ratio. A tailfin arrangement provides flow direction orientation and sliding collar allows adjustment of balance point based on stream flow conditions. The collar is set so that the sampler will touch the water tail first to aid in rapid orientation with the streamlines of flow. This suspension attitude also insures that the sampler orifice will lift up immediately when the unit is raised from the bed to eliminate loss of sample. This sampler uses a style #3 nylon mesh sampler bag (sold separately).
This is a lightweight sampler for collection of suspended-sediment samples where wading rod sampler suspension is used. The sampler consists of a streamlined aluminum casting, 13 inches (33 cm) long, which partially encloses a pint (0.47 liter) sample container (sold separately). The sampler weights 4.5 pounds (2 kg) including sample container. A standard 1/2 inch (1.27 cm) wading rod is threaded into the top of the sampler body for suspending the sampler.
These are medium-weight suspended sediment samplers for hand line or sounding reel suspension. The DH 59 sampler comprises a streamlined bronze casting, 15 inches (38 cm) long, which partially encloses a pint-size (0.47-liter) sample container (sold separately). This sampler weighs approximately 22 pounds (10 kg), and is equipped with a tail vane assembly to orient the intake nozzle of the sampler into the approaching flow as the sampler enters the water.
The ground water sampler (Model: GWS-1) has technically been designed for the application in connection with the water level indicator. With this combination-design, it is possible to obtain liquid samples from any desired depth. Basically, the liquid sampler consists of three parts - piston, tube and releasing weight. In order to get a liquid sample, the tube is hooked above the piston first and then lowered. When the desired sampling depth is reached by means of the measuring tape, the weight on top is released, which slides downwards along the cable to the top of the tube. Here, the closing mechanism is activated and the tube is automatically slided over the pistons. The liquid sample can now easily be pulled out by means of the supporting drum and the liquid withdrawn by the attached faucet. with 2" tube diameter (capacity 0.45 liters; dimension: 49mm x 1750mm)
Virtual make Vertical Axis-Cup Type Water Current Meter is used to measure Velocity of water flow directly in m/s. The spindle carrying the cup wheel freely rotates in the pivot assembly. The magnet and reed switch assembly produces one pulse per rotation. The rotation of the Water Current Meter is sensed by sensor & gives pulsed output signal.
The AM-220 angle infrared radiometer mounting bracket is designed to mount an Apogee Instruments infrared radiometer (older solar shield design) or radiation frost detector to a mast or pipe with an outer diameter of 1.3 to 2.1. The bracket is designed to orient the sensors at varying angles to satisfy all applications.
Apogee SQ-500 sensors are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of four transfer standard sensors under T5 cool white fluorescent lamps. The transfer standard sensors are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of at least four quantum sensors under T5 cool white fluorescent lamps traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Apogee SQ-500 sensors are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of four transfer standard sensors under T5cool white fluorescent lamps. The transfer standard sensors are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of at least four quantum sensors under T5 cool white fluorescent lamps traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Apogee Instruments MI series infrared temperature meters are calibrated to the temperature of a custom blackbody cone held at multiple fixed temperatures over a range of radiometer (detector/sensor body) temperatures. The temperature of the blackbody cone is measured with replicate precision thermistors thermally bonded to the cone surface. The precision thermistors are calibrated for absolute temperature measurement against a platinum resistance thermometer (PRT) in a constant temperature bath. The PRT calibration is directly traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
The SI-4HR-SS (SDI-12) and SI-5HR-SS (Modbus) infrared radiometers are developed for road weather networks specifically, with a 10�° vertical field of view, allowing for remote detection of a narrow and distant target roadway. The rectangular-shaped aperture maximizes the horizontal field of view allowing for a larger integrated measurement without including undesired target areas such as sky or surrounding terrain. The elongated external shield is designed to better protect from snow and ice building up on the sensor.
Apogee line quantum sensors measure a spatial average of photosynthetically active radiation. The MQ-301X has a separate sensor bar with 10 sensors, while the handheld meter displays and stores measurements. The sensor housing design features an integrated bubble level and is fully potted, making the sensor water- and weatherproof.
Incoming and reflected PPFD over and underplant canopies in greenhouses, in fields, and ingrowth chambers Aquatic environments including salt water aquariums and freshwater lakes and streams
Apogee Instruments PAR meters are the tool of choice for cost-effective, scientific-grade measurement of underwater PAR levels. Accurate tank PAR mapping, daily light integral measurements, and the adjusting of photosynthetic radiation levels to mimic nature are all critical to specimen health. Apogee offers three different underwater calibrated meters at three different price points. The basic MQ-210X features our original X detector that is excellent for broadband light sources. The researchgradeMQ-510 features an improved detector excellent for all light sources, including LEDs, and matches LI-COR and Kipp& Zonen PAR sensors in accuracy while costing much less. The cutting-edge MQ-650 measures the newly confirmed far-redextended (ePAR) photosynthetic wavelengths (400-750 nm).
Apogee offers silicon-cell and thermopile pyranometers that are both rated ISO 9060:2018 Class C (fast response). Our popular silicon-cell models are less expensive and have a faster response time, but can have errors under cloudy conditions. Our thermopile pyranometers feature a unique, cost-effective design with an inexpensive diffuser and blackbody thermopile detector that provides a broader and more uniform spectral response for better performance in all atmospheric conditions.
Apogee SP series pyranometers are calibrated through side-by-side comparison to the mean of four transfer standard sensors under a reference lamp. The reference sensors are recalibrated under sunlight in Logan, UT traceable to the World Radiometric Reference (WRR) in Davos, Switzerland.
UV-A radiation is important in material sciences and has numerous photo-biological functions that are both harmful and beneficial. Apogees new UV-A radiometers offer a low-cost option for continuously measuring UV-A radiation in outdoor environments, laboratory settings, and monitoring the filtering ability and stability of various materials.
Apogee Instruments PAR meters are the tool of choice for cost-effective, scientific-grade measurement of underwater PAR levels. Accurate tank PAR mapping, daily light integral measurements, and the adjusting of photosynthetic radiation levels to mimic nature are all critical to specimen health. Apogee offers two different underwater calibrated meters at two different price points. The basic MQ-210 features our original detector that is excellent for broadband light sources. The research-gradeMQ-510 features an improved detector excellent for all light sources, including LEDs, and matches LI-COR and Kipp & Zonen PAR sensors in accuracy while costing much less.
The Virtual make Wind Vane is used for determining instantaneous wind Direction. Surface wind is best measured by a wind vane and anemometer. Wind direction is defined as the direction from which the wind blows and is measured clockwise from geographical north. Wind direction compass points from which direction the wind is coming e.g. south, southwest, west etc. The unit of measurement for wind direction is therefore compass direction.
The Non-Contact Water Current Meter is an advanced velocity measuring sensor, which uses advance technology to achieve a simple, fast measurement. This Sensor is small and lightweight, easy to carry, very suitable for floods or rapids other than other instruments which is difficult to use for measuring river velocity as water-immersed using and on-site testing.
When permanent installation is not required, portable ultrasonic flowmeter can provide extended functions and field portability. Monitor liquid flow from site to site freely. Comes a complete liquid measurement kit with a portable clamp sensor, a small hand-held display interface, bright color display and touch buttons.
When permanent installation is not required, portable ultrasonic flowmeter can provide extended functions and field portability. Monitor liquid flow from site to site freely. Comes a complete liquid measurement kit with a portable clamp sensor, a small hand-held display interface, bright color display and touch buttons.
This Virtual make Propeller Type Water Current Meter is used to measure Velocity of water flow directly in m/s. The spindle carrying the propeller wheel freely rotates in the pivot assembly. The magnet and reed switch assembly produces one pulse per rotation. The rotation of the Water Current Meter is sensed by sensor & gives pulsed output signal.
Virtual make Pygmy Type water current meter along with Micro-controller based Digital Counter or Water Velocity Indicator has been designed to measure the Velocity of water in a flowing stream or open Canal. It comprises a Pigmy Type Water Current Meter with wading Rod and & Digital Counter / Digital Water Velocity Indicator (As per Customer Requirement). Water Current Meter employs a bucket wheel assembly that is mounted upon a shaft and rotates in response to fluid flow, generating a signal that is proportional to the fluid flow velocity. The current bucket wheel assembly is made of plated brass. It employs six hollow conical cups that are hand formed from sheet metal and individually soldered to a brass, star-shaped frame. The finished unit is then plated. The frame is shaped so that a strut connects the apex of each cup to the outer diameter of the following cup around the frame.
Universal Water Current Meter is a world recognized instrument. This current meter is suspended in the water using a cable with sinking weight or wading rod and will accurately measure stream flow velocities 0.04 m/s up to 10 meters per second with Multiple propellers. Magnetic The free ends of the proximity switch cable are connected to a Water Velocity Indicator. The calibration chart provided with the instruments. Universal Water Current Meter serves for determination of current velocities in water courses, canals, rivers and the sea.
The Virtual make Stevenson Screen, manufactured as per IS: 5948:1970, are standard shelter (from rain, snow and high winds, but also leaves and animals) for meteorological instruments, particularly Max., Min., wet and dry bulb thermometers used to record humidity and air temperature. It is kept 1.2m above the ground by legs / Concrete Pillars to avoid strong temperature gradients at ground level, has louvred sides to encourage the free passage of air, and is painted white to reflect heat radiation, since what is measured is the temperature of the air in the shade, not of the sunshine. Walls and floor of white-painted wood provide screening, and extensive louvres maintain adequate ventilation on all but the stillest days.
