Gypsum is a very soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is found in alabaster. there is other analysis as customer need uses: 1- calcinated gypsum is about 95 % of gypsum uses that we heat the gypsum to 130 degree which remove water and become hemi hydrated gypsum that called plaster of paris, it used in wall plaster, wall lining, plaster board, wall board, tiles for ceikings, partitions. Thermal isolation, regulator to moisture measurements. 2- add Uncalcined gypsum crushed from 3 to 6 % to produce Portland cement so solidification speed become low. 3- gypsum contain 15-20 % sulfur produce ammonium sulfate which act as natural fertilizer. 4- glass industry to easily remove the gases. 5- fine gypsum use in resin industry, paper filler, in soil used in drilling petroleum well. • by heating to 1093 degree, calcium sulfide form which produce sulfuric acid and lime. • A binder in fast-dry tennis court clay. • Plaster of Paris (surgical splints; casting moulds; modeling). • A wood substitute in the ancient world; for example, when wood became scarce due to deforestation on Bronze Age Crete, gypsum was employed in building construction at locations where wood was previously used.[19] • A tofu (soy bean curd) coagulant, making it ultimately a major source of dietary calcium, especially in Asian cultures which traditionally use few dairy products. • Adding hardness to water used for homebrewing. • A component of Portland cement used to prevent flash setting of concrete. • Soil/water potential monitoring (soil moisture tension). • A common ingredient in making mead. • In the medieval period it was mixed, by scribes and illuminators, with lead carbonate (powdered white lead) to make gesso which was applied to illuminated letters and gilded with gold in illuminated manuscripts. • In foot creams, shampoos and many other hair products. • Impression plasters in dentistry
Also known as ground quartz and silica flour, is produced by grinding high-purity quartz, quartzite, sandstone, or silica sand to finer than 45 micron. Air separation is used as required to remove kaolin, mica, feldspar, or calcite impurities. we can crush also reach 45 micron with magnetic separation Uses: 1- glass industry 2- lenses industry 3- television, radio, computer, radar, transmission machine industry 4-pure quartz for photocells 5- semi conductor industry 6-Cleaners 7-Paint 8-cramics: Low-iron ground silica, typically -200 mesh, and calcined silica are used in whiteware formulations to facilitate drying of the body, to control expansion characteristics and compatibility between the body and glaze to prevent crazing, and to provide whiteness and acid resistance. 10-Coatings Ground quartz and novaculite are used as extender pigments because of their low binder demand, which allows high loadings. 11-Rubber Finer (
Flourite
barite, (BaSO4) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate. Baryte itself is generally white or colorless, and is the main source of barium. Baryte and celestine form a solid solution (Ba, Sr) SO4. Uses of barite 1- Well drilling fluids Drilling fluids are designed to cool the drill bit, lubricate the drill stem, seal the walls of the well hole, remove cuttings, and confine high oil and gas pressures by the hydrostatic head of the fluid column. 2- Glass In glassmaking barite saves fuel by reducing the heat-insulating froth on the melt surface. It also acts as an oxidizer and decolorizer, 3- Coatings Paints and primers represent the largest use for filler-grade barite. 4- Polymers Finely ground barite is used in rubber, where its weight, inertness, isometric particle shape, and low binder demand are advantageous. It has little effect on cure, hardness, stiffness, or aging. 5-Micronized white barite and blanc fixe are used as fillers and extenders, primarily to add weight, in bristolboard, playing cards, and heavy printing papers. Blanc fixe is used in the base coat of photographic papers to supply an inert substrate for the silver halide emulsion coat. Finely ground (-325 mesh) barite is used as an inert filler in brake linings and clutc
Mica are sheet silicates historically significant for their ability to be split into large, thin sheets that are uniquely useful for their electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. They have high electrical and thermal insulating properties; they are resistant to chemical attack; they can be split into transparent or optically flat films; and they can be cut or stamped to shape. Uses of mica: 1- Joint cements: muscovite is used in drywall joint compounds, where it contributes to consistency and workability, smooth surface finish, and resistance to shrinkage and cracking. 2- Coatings Fine-ground, -325 mesh and micronized mica grades are used in paint as a pigment extender and for dry film reinforcement. The inert, platy mica improves suspensi on stability, controls film checking, chalking, shrinkage, and blistering, improves resistance to weathering, chemicals, and water penetration, and improves adhesion to most surfaces. Coarser grinds are used in textured paints, and wet-ground mica is used in high quality exterior house paints. High aspect ratio grades are preferred for porous surface sealers to seal pores, control penetration, and reduce sagging and film cracking. 3- Plastics Finely ground, -325 mesh and micronized micas are used in plastics to improve electrical, thermal, and insulating properties. Mica is considered the most effective mineral for reducing warpage and increasing stiffness and heat deflection temperature in plastics. In general, mica reinforces crystalline better than amorphous polymers. Best results are obtained with nonpolar polymers when mica is pretreated with a coupling agent to improve wetting. Mica is used in both thermoplastics and thermosets. Its largest single use is in polyolefins, even though it requires stabilizers to prevent degradation of polypropylene. 4- Drilling fluids Coarse, hammermilled (+10 mesh) mica is used in waterbased oilwell drilling fluids to prevent fluid loss into porous rock formations.
Chemical analysis Raw material: Hydrated Lime Tested Item Specifications Ca(OH)2 Min 80 % MgO Max 0.1 % SO3 Max 0.50 % CI Max 0.52 % Fe2O3 Max 0.08% Al2O3 Max 0.01% Defects Max 2.5% Particle Size 75 Micron Color White
Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term lime connotes calcium-containing inorganic materials, in which carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, and iron predominate, such as limestone. Calcium oxide is usually made by the thermal decomposition of materials such as limestone, that contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3; mineral calcite) in a lime kiln. This is accomplished by heating the material to above 825 °C (1,517 °F), a process called calcination or lime-burning, to liberate a molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2); leaving quicklime. The quicklime is not stable and, when cooled, will spontaneously react with CO2 from the air until, after enough time, it is completely converted back to calcium carbonate Uses quick lime Quicklime is relatively inexpensive. Both it and a chemical derivative (calcium hydroxide) are important commodity chemicals. Quicklime produces heat energy by the formation of the hydrate, calcium hydroxide, by the following equation:[3] CaO (s) + H2O (l) Ca (OH) 2 (aq) (ΔHr = −63.7 kJ/mol of CaO) As it hydrates, an exothermic reaction results and the solid puffs up. The hydrate can be reconverted to quicklime by removing the water by heating it to redness to reverse the hydration reaction. One litre of water combines with approximately 3.1 kilograms (6.8 lb) of quicklime to give calcium hydroxide plus 3.54 MJ of energy. This process can be used to provide a convenient portable source of heat, as for on-the-spot food warming in a self-heating can. When quicklime is heated to 2,400 °C (4,350 °F), it emits an intense glow. This form of illumination is known as a limelight, and was used broadly in theatrical productions prior to the invention of electric lighting. Calcium oxide is also a key ingredient for the process of making cement.
Uses of feldspar Feldspar use in several industries like 1- glass industry : by percent 10-15% from the formula that chemical balance happen due to presence of aluminum and basis contain 4-6% K2O, 5-7% Na2O, about 19% Al2O3, and less than 0.1% Fe2O3. Feldspar is used mainly as a source of alumina, which improves both the workability of the glass melt and the chemical and physical stability of the finished product. It also provides the alkaline oxides (Na2O, K2O) that provide fluxing in partial substitution for calcium oxide, which improves chemical resistance, 2- ceramic , porcelain and pottery : as flux to accelerate the melting operation that feldspar melt in lower temperature than the other materials in the formula so can enter to the chemical and physical reaction during melting . 3- other uses : as scraping off material , 4- filler material in plastic , 5- rubber , 6- painting industry . 7- know as electric isolator , 8- dental , 9- a flux in welding electrodes, 10- adhesives, 11- coatings. 12- In filler applications it offers low vehicle demand, high dry brightness with low tint strength, and resistance to abrasion and chemical degradation. In coatings it also provides good film durability and high resistance to chalking and frosting. 13- Some intergrowths of orthoclase and albite have an attractive pale lustre and are called moonstone when used in jewellery. Most moonstones are translucent and white, although grey and peach-colored varieties also occur. In gemology, 14- The gemstone commonly called rainbow moonstone is more properly a colourless form of labradorite and can be distinguished from "true" moonstone by its greater transparency and play of colour, although their value and durability do not greatly differ. Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 CaO MgO K2O Na2O P.F. 1100°C 18.7 0.14 0.33 0.57 0.19 0.1 10.5 0.4
Feldspar minerals potassium, aluminosilicates. Their ores are commonly associated with quartz. we have Nak feldspar, k feldspar 1st and 2nd grade. we can reach up to 45 micron milled feldspar with magnetic separation. Uses of feldspar group: Feldspar use in several industries like 1- glass industry: by percent 10-15% from the formula that chemical balance happen due to presence of aluminum and basis contain 4-6% K2O, 5-7% Na2O, about 19% Al2O3, and less than 0.1% Fe2O3. Feldspar is used mainly as a source of alumina, which improves both the workability of the glass melt and the chemical and physical stability of the finished product. It also provides the alkaline oxides (Na2O, K2O) that provide fluxing in partial substitution for calcium oxide, which improves chemical resistance, 2- ceramic, porcelain and pottery: as flux to accelerate the melting operation that feldspar melt in lower temperature than the other materials in the formula so can enter to the chemical and physical reaction during melting. 3- other uses: as scraping off material, 4- filler material in plastic, 5- rubber, 6- painting industry. 7- know as electric isolator, 8- dental, 9- a flux in welding electrodes, 10- adhesives, 11- coatings. 12- In filler applications it offers low vehicle demand, high dry brightness with low tint strength, and resistance to abrasion and chemical degradation. In coatings it also provides good film durability and high resistance to chalking and frosting. 13- Some intergrowths of orthoclase and albite have an attractive pale lustre and are called moonstone when used in jewellery. Most moonstones are translucent and white, although grey and peach-colored varieties also occur. In gemology Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 CaO MgO K2O Na2O P.F. 1100°C 17.1 0 .044
